de Souza Ferreira Cynthia, dd Sousa Fomes Lucilia de Fátima, da Silva Gilze Espirito Santo, Rosa Glorimar
Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil..
Nutr Hosp. 2015 Nov 1;32(5):1909-18. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9394.
chia is a seed rich in such nutrients as proteins, n-3 fatty acids and especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), minerals, fibers and antioxidants. Efforts have been made to assess whether human consumption of chia can reduce cardiovascular risk factors; however, it has not been established as effective and the findings of the few studies to have looked into the matter are inconsistent.
to systematize the findings of studies assessing the effect the consumption of chia seed, either milled or whole, has in the prevention/control of cardiovascular risk factors in humans.
this is a systematic literature review (SLR) with no meta-analysis. The articles scrutinizedwere identified in the electronic databases Lilacs, Medline (Pub- Med version), Cochrane, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science under the keywords"dyslipidemia" or "dislipidemia", "hyperlipidemia" or "hiperlipidemia", "obesity" or "obesidade", "salvia"or"salviahispanica", "Lamiaceae" or "chia", "hypertension" or "hipertensão", "hypertrygliceridemia" or "hipertrigliceridemia", and "riscocardiovascular" or "cardiovascularrisk." We chose for our selection English-, Portuguese- or Spanish-language articles about clinical trials on humans and published within the last ten years. The biases of risk analysis were carried out considering 6 of the 8 criteria of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.
seven studies (n = 200) fit our inclusion criteria. Of the chosen clinical trials, only one was not randomized. Five of the studies were blind experiments. Two of the studies were acute trials, both of them randomized. Of the chia seed interventions, one study showed a significant drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and inflammatory markers, yet there was no change in body mass, lipid profile or blood sugar. In four of the studies reviewed there was a significant spike in ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), with no significant change to other parameters. In the acute trials, post-prandial blood sugar was significantly lower. Only one study showed a significant drop in triglycerides (TG), body mass and inflammatory markers; however, the chia seed in that case was mixed with other foods. Most of the studies showed unclear or low risk of bias. Two studies showed a high risk of bias because not all the pre-specified primary outcomes were reported in the findings.
most of the studies did not demonstrate statistically significant results in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The evidence regarding the relationship between chia seed consumption and cardiovascular risk factors are insufficient, and the studies included in this review present numerous limitations. Further research is hence needed.
奇亚籽富含蛋白质、n-3脂肪酸，尤其是α-亚麻酸（ALA）、矿物质、纤维和抗氧化剂等营养物质。人们一直在努力评估人类食用奇亚籽是否能降低心血管疾病风险因素；然而，其有效性尚未得到证实，且少数相关研究的结果并不一致。
系统整理评估食用碾碎或完整奇亚籽对人类预防/控制心血管疾病风险因素效果的研究结果。
这是一项无荟萃分析的系统文献综述（SLR）。在电子数据库Lilacs、Medline（PubMed版本）、Cochrane、Scielo、Scopus和Web of Science中，以关键词“血脂异常”或“血脂失调”、“高脂血症”或“高脂蛋白血症”、“肥胖症”或“肥胖”、“鼠尾草”或“西班牙鼠尾草”、“唇形科”或“奇亚”、“高血压”或“高血压”、“高甘油三酯血症”或“高甘油三酯血症”以及“心血管风险”进行检索，筛选出相关文章。我们选择过去十年内发表的关于人类临床试验的英文、葡萄牙文或西班牙文文章。根据《Cochrane干预系统评价手册》第5.1版的8项标准中的6项进行风险分析偏倚评估。
七项研究（n = 200）符合纳入标准。在所选的临床试验中，只有一项未随机分组。五项研究为盲法试验。两项研究为急性试验，均为随机试验。在奇亚籽干预研究中，一项研究显示收缩压（SBP）和炎症标志物显著下降，但体重、血脂谱或血糖无变化。在四项综述研究中，ALA和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）显著升高，其他参数无显著变化。在急性试验中，餐后血糖显著降低。只有一项研究显示甘油三酯（TG）、体重和炎症标志物显著下降；然而，该研究中的奇亚籽与其他食物混合。大多数研究显示偏倚风险不明确或较低。两项研究显示偏倚风险较高，因为研究结果未报告所有预先指定的主要结局。
大多数研究未显示出与心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素相关的统计学显著结果。关于食用奇亚籽与心血管疾病风险因素之间关系的证据不足，且本综述纳入的研究存在诸多局限性。因此，需要进一步研究。
