Simonsen E B, Thomsen L, Klausen K
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1985;54(5):524-32. doi: 10.1007/BF00422964.
A cinematographic recording of the movements of the lower limbs together with simultaneous emg tracings from nine lower limb muscles were obtained from two male track sprinters during three phases of a 100 m sprint run. The extensor muscles of the hip joint were found to be the primary movers by acceleration of the body's center of gravity (C.G.) during the ground phase of the running cycle. The extensors of the knee joint were also important in this, but to a minor extent, while the plantar flexors of the ankle joint showed the least contribution. The biarticular muscles functioned in a way different from the monoarticular muscles in the sense that they perform eccentric work during the flight and recovery phases and concentric work during the whole ground phase (support), whereas the monoarticular muscles are restricted first to eccentric work and then to concentric work during the ground phase. Furthermore, the biarticular muscles show variation (and rate of variation) in muscle length to a larger extent than the monoarticular muscles. Paradoxical muscle actions appear to take place around the knee joint, where the hamstring muscles, m. gastrocnemius, m. vastus laterialis and m. vastus medialis act as synergists by extending the knee joint during the last part of the ground phase.
在100米短跑的三个阶段中，对两名男性田径短跑运动员的下肢运动进行了电影拍摄记录，并同时记录了九条下肢肌肉的肌电图。研究发现，在跑步周期的支撑阶段，髋关节伸肌通过加速身体重心（C.G.）成为主要动力肌。膝关节伸肌在这方面也很重要，但程度较小，而踝关节跖屈肌的贡献最小。双关节肌的功能与单关节肌不同，它们在腾空和恢复阶段进行离心工作，在整个支撑阶段进行向心工作，而单关节肌在支撑阶段首先限于离心工作，然后是向心工作。此外，双关节肌的肌肉长度变化（和变化率）比单关节肌更大。在膝关节周围似乎出现了反常的肌肉动作，在支撑阶段的最后部分，腘绳肌、腓肠肌、股外侧肌和股内侧肌通过伸展膝关节起到协同作用。
