用于黑色素瘤治疗的超声增强型铂配位聚合物免疫增强剂及基于异质融合膜的多功能肿瘤疫苗纳米平台

Ultrasound-enhanced Pt-coordinated polymer immunopotentiators and heterogenic fusion membrane-based multifunctional tumor vaccine nanoplatforms for melanoma treatment.

作者信息

Guo Ruiqian, Du Fangxue, Xiang Xi, Feng Ziyan, Huang Jianbo, Nie Chuanxiong, Ma Lang, Qiu Li

机构信息

Department of Medical Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, Germany.

出版信息

Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Aug 25;10(1):278. doi: 10.1038/s41392-025-02355-z.

Abstract

A tumor cell membrane (CM)-based biomimetic membrane tumor vaccine is an emerging prevention and treatment strategy in tumor immunotherapy. However, a single CM mostly has a weak immune-boosting effect. Here, a heterogenic fusion membrane tumor vaccine, EV-CM, was successfully constructed by fusing extracellular vesicles (EVs) from S. aureus and CM from B16F10 melanoma cells. Inheriting the advantages of parental components, the EV-CM combines tumor antigens with natural adjuvants that can be used for immunotherapy and can be easily synergistic with complementary therapies. In vivo vaccine tests have shown that EV-CM can activate immune antitumor responses and prevent tumorigenesis. To further enhance the immunotherapeutic and antimetastatic effects of EV-CM, Pt-porphyrin coordination polymer as an immunopotentiator (CPIP) was implanted into an EV-CM nanoplatform (CPIP@EV-CM), which combines localized sonodynamic/chemodynamic therapy-induced immunogenic cell death with heterogenic fusion membrane-mediated antigen-presenting functions. In vitro performance tests, cell experiments, and in vivo animal models have confirmed that the CPIP@EV-CM combined with US has better ROS production, tumor cell killing, and antimetastasis abilities. The heterogenic fusion membrane strategy and ultrasound-augmented nanoplatform present exciting prospects for designing tumor-immunogenic, self-adjuvant, and expandable vaccines, providing new ideas for exploring new melanoma immunotherapy and antimetastasis strategies, which is expected to be used as a safe and effective treatment in clinical practice.

摘要

基于肿瘤细胞膜(CM)的仿生膜肿瘤疫苗是肿瘤免疫治疗中一种新兴的预防和治疗策略。然而,单一的CM大多具有较弱的免疫增强作用。在此,通过将金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞外囊泡(EVs)与B16F10黑色素瘤细胞的CM融合,成功构建了一种异源融合膜肿瘤疫苗EV-CM。EV-CM继承了亲本成分的优点,将肿瘤抗原与可用于免疫治疗的天然佐剂相结合,并且能够轻松地与辅助疗法协同作用。体内疫苗试验表明,EV-CM可以激活免疫抗肿瘤反应并预防肿瘤发生。为了进一步增强EV-CM的免疫治疗和抗转移效果,将铂卟啉配位聚合物作为免疫增强剂(CPIP)植入EV-CM纳米平台(CPIP@EV-CM),该平台将局部声动力/化学动力疗法诱导的免疫原性细胞死亡与异源融合膜介导的抗原呈递功能相结合。体外性能测试、细胞实验和体内动物模型均证实,CPIP@EV-CM联合超声具有更好的活性氧生成、肿瘤细胞杀伤和抗转移能力。异源融合膜策略和超声增强纳米平台为设计肿瘤免疫原性、自我佐剂和可扩展疫苗提供了令人兴奋的前景,为探索新的黑色素瘤免疫治疗和抗转移策略提供了新思路,有望在临床实践中用作安全有效的治疗方法。

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