Gao Yifei, You Leiming, Zhou Jiying, Tao Xiaoyu, Jin Zhengsen, Wu Chao, Zhang Fanqin, Guo Siyu, Wang Haojia, Guan Yueqin, Luo Hua, Wu Jiarui
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
Chin Med. 2025 Aug 25;20(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s13020-025-01191-1.
Acute pharyngitis (AP) is a common upper respiratory tract infection, primarily characterized by symptoms such as throat pain, redness, swelling, and difficulty swallowing. It is typically caused by viral infections, bacterial infections, or physical and chemical irritants. Yuye Jinhua Qingre Tablets (YYJH) are recognized for their ability to clear heat, detoxify, reduce swelling, and alleviate pain, making them a common treatment option for acute pharyngitis. However, research on their specific mechanisms of action is still inadequate.
Using UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS technology combined with serum pharmacochemical analysis, the main chemical components and blood components of YYJH were identified. The anti-inflammatory activity was verified through the ammonia-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) model in SD rats and the LPS-stimulated NP69SV40T cell inflammation model. Integrating transcriptomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics analysis revealed the mechanism of YYJH in treating AP, which was further validated by molecular biology experiments.
Twelve blood-entry components were identified, and their anti-inflammatory effects were validated using the SD rat acute pancreatitis (AP) model and the NP69SV40T cell inflammation model. The study results indicated that the drug significantly improved the pathological damage of the pharyngeal mucosa in rats with the AP model, reducing the levels of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and serum inflammatory factors. The combined analysis of transcriptomics and Astral DIA proteomics revealed that the anti-inflammatory effects of YYJH are associated with the regulation of the classical complement pathway, characterized by the downregulation of complement components C1q, C3, C5, C9, and the modulation of macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine release through the C5a/C5aR1 axis. Gene set enrichment analysis further suggested that YYJH can alleviate AP-related metabolic disorders and immune dysregulation. Molecular biology experiments demonstrated that after YYJH intervention, the complement cascade reaction was significantly inhibited, with downregulated expression levels of C5a and C5aR1, and decreased membrane localization signals of the macrophage marker F4/80, along with reduced expression levels of inflammatory factors.
Research indicates that YYJH exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the classical complement pathway and the C5a/C5aR1 axis, inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and the activation of immune cells. This provides a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanisms underlying traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of acute pharyngitis.
急性咽炎（AP）是一种常见的上呼吸道感染，主要症状为咽痛、发红、肿胀和吞咽困难。它通常由病毒感染、细菌感染或物理化学刺激物引起。玉叶金花清热片（YYJH）以其清热、解毒、消肿、止痛的能力而闻名，是治疗急性咽炎的常用药物。然而，对其具体作用机制的研究仍不充分。
采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱技术结合血清药物化学分析，鉴定YYJH的主要化学成分和血中成分。通过SD大鼠氨诱导的急性胰腺炎（AP）模型和脂多糖刺激的NP69SV40T细胞炎症模型验证其抗炎活性。整合转录组学、蛋白质组学和生物信息学分析揭示了YYJH治疗AP的机制，并通过分子生物学实验进一步验证。
鉴定出12种入血成分，并使用SD大鼠急性胰腺炎（AP）模型和NP69SV40T细胞炎症模型验证了它们的抗炎作用。研究结果表明，该药物显著改善了AP模型大鼠咽黏膜的病理损伤，降低了外周血中炎症细胞水平和血清炎症因子水平。转录组学和星载数据独立采集（Astral DIA）蛋白质组学的联合分析表明，YYJH的抗炎作用与经典补体途径的调节有关，其特征是补体成分C1q、C3、C5、C9下调，并通过C5a/C5aR1轴调节巨噬细胞浸润和促炎细胞因子释放。基因集富集分析进一步表明，YYJH可以缓解AP相关的代谢紊乱和免疫失调。分子生物学实验表明，YYJH干预后，补体级联反应受到显著抑制，C5a和C5aR1表达水平下调，巨噬细胞标志物F4/80的膜定位信号减弱，炎症因子表达水平降低。
研究表明，YYJH通过调节经典补体途径和C5a/C5aR1轴发挥抗炎作用，抑制炎症介质的产生和免疫细胞的激活。这为中药治疗急性咽炎的分子机制提供了理论依据。
