Cytotoxic Metabolites from Pericarp of .

BACKGROUND

The pericarp of (mangosteen) has been used as a medicinal agent by Southeast Asians for centuries in the treatment of skin infections and wounds. Its main active constituents were xanthones and phenolic compounds. The plant and its metabolites possessed diverse bioactivities.

METHODS

A methanolic extract of pericarp was subjected to solvent partitioning and chromatographic purification to isolate α-mangostin (1), β-mangostin (2), gartanin (3), garcinone C (4), garcinone D (5), and (+)-2R,3R-taxifolin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (astilbin) (6) that were identified by NMR spectral data, as well as comparing with literature data. These compounds were assessed for their cytotoxic effect against (SKOV-3), hepatic cell line (HepG-2), and colorectal cancer (HCT-116) cell lines using sulforhdamine B (SRB) assay. Doxorubicin was used as a positive control.

RESULTS

All compounds exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxic activity. Garcinone D demonstrated significant cytotoxic potential (IC 27.27 ± 2.41 µM) against SKOV-3 cells. While α-mangostin and β-mangostin exhibited cytotoxic activity (IC values of 28.1 ± 1.1 µM and 31.9 ± 10.7 µM, respectively) towards HepG-2 cells. Also, β-mangostin and garcinone D demonstrated cytotoxic effects with IC values of 56.1 ± 2.5 µM and 44.3 ± 2.5 µM, respectively against HCT-116.

CONCLUSION

The study highlights the cytotoxic potential of xanthones derived from pericarp. Among the isolated metabolites, garcinone D and α-mangostin emerged as promising lead compounds for further anticancer drug development due to their significant in vitro cytotoxic effects.