Zhang Yuxiu, Xu Yuanyuan, Wu Qihui, Fu Xiaodan, Li Yimin, Li Anqi
Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200025.
Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032.
Theranostics. 2025 Jul 25;15(16):8222-8258. doi: 10.7150/thno.116951. eCollection 2025.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors, subfamily B (LILRBs), are a class of critical immunosuppressive receptors that contribute to immune homeostasis by transmitting suppressive signals upon binding to ligands such as major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. They play key roles in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. This review summarizes the structural features, ligand interactions, signaling pathways, and expression regulation of LILRBs, and discusses their roles in immune cell function and disease progression, particularly in the tumor microenvironment. We also review current progress in the development of LILRB-targeted therapies for hematological malignancies and solid tumors and outline the challenges and future directions in translating these findings into clinical applications. By integrating recent advances, this review provides a framework for understanding the potential of LILRBs as therapeutic targets in cancer and immune-related disorders.
白细胞免疫球蛋白样受体B亚家族（LILRBs）是一类关键的免疫抑制受体，通过与主要组织相容性复合体I类分子等配体结合后传递抑制信号，从而有助于免疫稳态。它们在调节先天性和适应性免疫反应中发挥关键作用。本综述总结了LILRBs的结构特征、配体相互作用、信号通路和表达调控，并讨论了它们在免疫细胞功能和疾病进展中的作用，特别是在肿瘤微环境中的作用。我们还综述了针对血液系统恶性肿瘤和实体瘤的LILRB靶向治疗的当前进展，并概述了将这些发现转化为临床应用中的挑战和未来方向。通过整合最新进展，本综述提供了一个框架，以理解LILRBs作为癌症和免疫相关疾病治疗靶点的潜力。
