Paricio-Del-Castillo Rocío, de Los Ángeles Cano-Linares María, Díaz-de-Neira-Hernando Mónica
Department of Mental Health, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Public International Law and International Relations. Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
J Family Reprod Health. 2025 Jun;19(2):85-96. doi: 10.18502/jfrh.v19i2.19296.
Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) have evolved significantly since the early 20th century, driven by biomedical advances and profound socio-cultural shifts worldwide, particularly in Spain. This expansion has enabled access to parenthood in previously inaccessible situations, such as infertility and diverse family structures, yet it also poses risks of human rights violations.
A reflective analysis is conducted on the practices in Spanish healthcare related to assisted reproduction, based on national legislation and its alignment with international human rights legislation. The review of international standards was carried out using normative sources from the United Nations (UN), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights of UNESCO, and those adopted in the European regional context by the Council of Europe, particularly the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine.
This article examines potential human rights violations within Spain's ART healthcare framework, identifying gaps in international human rights compliance. Despite Spain's progressive legislation on ART, discrepancies remain with evolving European standards, especially concerning oocyte donation and donor anonymity.
The goal is to promote reflection, improve the quality of care, and protect the health and rights of women, children, and families using ART, while ensuring that clinical practices align with human rights principles.
自20世纪初以来，辅助生殖技术（ART）有了显著发展，这是由全球范围内，尤其是西班牙的生物医学进步和深刻的社会文化变革推动的。这种扩张使得人们在诸如不孕不育和多样化家庭结构等以前无法实现的情况下能够获得为人父母的机会，但同时也带来了侵犯人权的风险。
基于国家立法及其与国际人权立法的一致性，对西班牙医疗保健中与辅助生殖相关的做法进行反思性分析。对国际标准的审查使用了联合国（UN）、《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》（CEDAW）、世界卫生组织（WHO）、联合国教科文组织《生物伦理与人类权利世界宣言》以及欧洲委员会在欧洲区域背景下通过的规范性文件，特别是《人权与生物医学公约》。
本文审视了西班牙辅助生殖医疗保健框架内潜在的人权侵犯问题，确定了在遵守国际人权方面存在的差距。尽管西班牙在辅助生殖方面有进步的立法，但与不断发展的欧洲标准仍存在差异，特别是在卵母细胞捐赠和捐赠者匿名方面。
目标是促进反思，提高护理质量，保护使用辅助生殖技术的妇女、儿童和家庭的健康和权利，同时确保临床实践符合人权原则。
