van der Westhuizen Bonita, Budding Liska, Esterhuysen Christie, Potgieter Samantha
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of the Free State Faculty of Health Sciences, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
National Health Laboratory Service, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Case Rep Pathol. 2025 Aug 17;2025:3227863. doi: 10.1155/crip/3227863. eCollection 2025.
Mucormycosis is a severe invasive infection caused by the Mucorales fungi. The most frequently implicated genera are species, species, and species. These fungi do not typically cause infections in immunocompetent individuals. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, malignancies, transplant recipients, and current or past COVID-19 infection. Mucorales have also been linked to outbreaks in healthcare settings and following natural disasters. We describe a case of rapidly progressing rhinosinusitis in a patient with advanced HIV infection due to , a rare cause of mucormycosis that, in contrast to the other Mucorales, primarily affects immunocompetent hosts following traumatic inoculation. A 32-year-old male patient presented with right-sided facial swelling. His clinical condition deteriorated rapidly. Biopsies and computerized tomography (CT) of the brain and sinuses were performed. Tuberculosis and bacterial workups were negative. Histological examination showed thick-walled angioinvasive fungal elements. Fungal cultures were positive. Molecular testing identified the organism as . Due to his rapid deterioration, he neither underwent surgical intervention nor received any antifungal therapy and subsequently demised. This is the first case of infection described in sub-Saharan Africa and in the setting of HIV. Infection by this fungus accounts for approximately 3% of human mucormycosis cases. -associated rhinosinusitis is extremely uncommon and has been associated with rapid progression with high morbidity and mortality. A combination of different testing platforms was required to make a diagnosis. This case emphasizes the challenge of diagnosing invasive mold infections timeously. A high index of suspicion, combined with a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment approach, is essential for the management of these infections.
毛霉病是由毛霉目真菌引起的一种严重侵袭性感染。最常涉及的属是 种、 种和 种。这些真菌通常不会在免疫功能正常的个体中引起感染。危险因素包括糖尿病、恶性肿瘤、移植受者以及当前或过去的新冠病毒感染。毛霉目还与医疗机构内的疫情爆发以及自然灾害后的情况有关。我们描述了一例晚期艾滋病毒感染患者因 导致的快速进展性鼻窦炎病例， 是毛霉病的一种罕见病因，与其他毛霉目真菌不同，它主要在创伤接种后影响免疫功能正常的宿主。一名32岁男性患者出现右侧面部肿胀。他的临床状况迅速恶化。对脑部和鼻窦进行了活检及计算机断层扫描（CT）。结核病和细菌学检查均为阴性。组织学检查显示有厚壁血管侵袭性真菌成分。真菌培养呈阳性。分子检测确定该病原体为 。由于他病情迅速恶化，既未接受手术干预也未接受任何抗真菌治疗，随后死亡。这是撒哈拉以南非洲地区以及在艾滋病毒背景下描述的首例 感染病例。这种真菌引起的感染约占人类毛霉病病例的3%。 -相关的鼻窦炎极为罕见，且与高发病率和死亡率的快速进展有关。需要结合不同的检测平台来做出诊断。该病例强调了及时诊断侵袭性霉菌感染的挑战。高度的怀疑指数，结合多学科的诊断和治疗方法，对于这些感染的管理至关重要。
