Goto Tatenobu, Uemura Ayako, Maeda Hiroto, Tanikawa Masashi, Mizutani Mari, Kondo Yuto, Suyama Megumi, Goto Tomoki, Maki Kanemasa, Ushijima Katsumi
Division of Pediatrics, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, JPN.
Cureus. 2025 Jul 23;17(7):e88618. doi: 10.7759/cureus.88618. eCollection 2025 Jul.
The COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant lifestyle changes, such as reduced outdoor activities, social distancing, and other public health measures. These changes may have affected maternal health and neonatal biochemical parameters linked to bone metabolism. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of pandemic-related behavioral restrictions on neonatal biochemical markers, including calcium, phosphate, magnesium, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), measured on the first day of life across three distinct time periods (pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, and post-COVID-19).
This retrospective cohort study included 964 neonates admitted to a Japanese neonatal intensive care unit between 2018 and 2024. Neonates were categorized into three groups: pre-COVID-19 (2018-2020), COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022), and post-COVID-19 (2022-2024) periods. Serum biochemical parameters were measured on the first day of life and compared statistically among the groups.
There were no significant differences in gestational age and birth weight among the three groups. Serum phosphate levels demonstrated a significant, stepwise increase across the periods (pre-COVID-19: 5.4 (4.8-5.9) mg/dL, COVID-19 pandemic: 5.6 (5.0-6.1) mg/dL, post-COVID-19: 5.7 (5.2-6.4) mg/dL; p<0.01). Magnesium levels significantly decreased in the post-COVID-19 period (pre-COVID-19: 2.05 (1.9-2.3) mg/dL, post-COVID-19: 1.90 (1.8-2.2) mg/dL; p<0.01). No significant changes were observed in calcium, iPTH, or ALP levels.
Pandemic-related lifestyle changes caused significant and persistent alterations in neonatal phosphate and magnesium metabolism, necessitating continuous monitoring and preventive strategies to address long-term health impacts.
新冠疫情带来了显著的生活方式变化，如户外活动减少、社交距离措施以及其他公共卫生措施。这些变化可能影响了孕产妇健康以及与骨代谢相关的新生儿生化参数。这项回顾性研究旨在评估疫情相关行为限制对新生儿生化指标的影响，这些指标包括钙、磷、镁、完整甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP），研究在三个不同时间段（新冠疫情前、新冠疫情期间和新冠疫情后）新生儿出生第一天进行测量。
这项回顾性队列研究纳入了2018年至2024年间入住日本新生儿重症监护病房的964名新生儿。新生儿被分为三组：新冠疫情前（2018 - 2020年）、新冠疫情期间（2020 - 2022年）和新冠疫情后（2022 - 2024年）。在新生儿出生第一天测量血清生化参数，并在各组之间进行统计学比较。
三组之间的胎龄和出生体重没有显著差异。血清磷水平在各时间段呈显著的逐步上升趋势（新冠疫情前：5.4（4.8 - 5.9）mg/dL，新冠疫情期间：5.6（5.0 - 6.1）mg/dL，新冠疫情后：5.7（5.2 - 6.4）mg/dL；p<0.01）。新冠疫情后镁水平显著下降（新冠疫情前：2.05（1.9 - 2.3）mg/dL，新冠疫情后：1.90（1.8 - 2.2）mg/dL；p<0.01）。钙、iPTH或ALP水平未观察到显著变化。
与疫情相关的生活方式变化导致新生儿磷和镁代谢发生显著且持续的改变，需要持续监测并采取预防策略以应对长期健康影响。
