Cruz-Velasquez Tomas, Rodríguez-Orozco Alain Raimundo
Institute of Chemical Biological Research, Michoacan University of San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, MEX.
Faculty of Medical and Biological Sciences, Michoacan University of San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, MEX.
Cureus. 2025 Jul 25;17(7):e88744. doi: 10.7759/cureus.88744. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Periodontal disease, a persistent inflammatory disorder that damages tissues supporting the teeth, is mainly triggered by an imbalanced microbial biofilm and an overactive immune-inflammatory reaction. Recent studies underscore the possible contribution of micronutrient shortages, especially in magnesium, in the progression of periodontitis. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the association between magnesium levels, the magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) ratio, and periodontal disease, focusing on blood-based measures and dietary intake. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception to May 2024, including 10 observational and experimental studies in adults. Narrative synthesis revealed consistent inverse associations: higher magnesium levels correlated with reduced probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and periodontitis prevalence, while favorable Mg/Ca ratios protected against progression (e.g., odds ratio of 6.28 for low ratios). Systemic associations, particularly with diabetes, showed lower magnesium in comorbid cases, with post-treatment improvements suggesting anti-inflammatory benefits. Heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. These findings highlight the protective role of magnesium, warranting large-scale trials to guide supplementation and dietary strategies for periodontal management.
牙周病是一种损害牙齿支持组织的持续性炎症性疾病，主要由微生物生物膜失衡和过度活跃的免疫炎症反应引发。最近的研究强调了微量营养素缺乏，尤其是镁缺乏，在牙周炎进展中的可能作用。本系统评价综合了关于镁水平、镁/钙（Mg/Ca）比值与牙周病之间关联的证据，重点关注基于血液的测量指标和饮食摄入量。按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目指南，我们检索了自数据库建库至2024年5月的PubMed、Cochrane图书馆和谷歌学术，纳入了10项针对成年人的观察性和实验性研究。叙述性综合分析显示出一致的负相关关系：较高的镁水平与探诊深度降低、临床附着丧失和牙周炎患病率降低相关，而有利的Mg/Ca比值可防止疾病进展（例如，低比值的优势比为6.28）。全身性关联，特别是与糖尿病的关联，显示合并症患者体内镁含量较低，治疗后有所改善表明具有抗炎益处。异质性使得无法进行Meta分析。这些发现突出了镁的保护作用，有必要开展大规模试验以指导牙周病管理中的补充剂使用和饮食策略。
