Alrabai Hamza M, Alduraibi Abdulmalik, Alrabiah Abdulaziz, Al Ghadir Saad, Alghamdi Khalid, Alhamdi Khalid, Bahammam Abdulaziz, Albishi Waleed
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Tob Induc Dis. 2025 Aug 21;23. doi: 10.18332/tid/207130. eCollection 2025.
Smoking tobacco negatively affects fracture healing, increasing the risk of delayed union, malunion, and nonunion, as well as healthcare expenses. Although smoking is common in Saudi Arabia, the literature on public awareness of the negative impact of smoking on fractures is limited. Our study aimed to address this gap and assess the population's knowledge on the effects of smoking on fracture healing.
An analytical cross-sectional study, involving 1033 Saudi adults, was conducted between June and September 2024 in Saudi Arabia. A validated and reliable self-created Smoking and Fracture Knowledge Assessment tool (SFKAT) was used in an online questionnaire to collect the participants' responses. Participants were categorized into good- or poor-knowledge groups based on the median SFKAT score. Binary logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables.
The participants included 54.4% men. The median age of the participants was 39 years and 24.1% of them were smokers. Most smokers were men (87%). The median SFKAT score was 16 (interquartile range, IQR=12-19) and 53% of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge on the effects of smoking on fracture healing. The likelihood of good-knowledge scoring was considerably lower for men than women (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=0.48: 95% CI: 0.36-0.65; p<0.001). Healthcare workers were more likely to have a good-knowledge scoring (AOR=2.78; 95% CI: 1.90-4.08; p<0.001). Smokers had lower odds of having a good-knowledge scoring (AOR=0.54; 95% CI: 0.38-0.75; p<0.001).
The awareness of the detrimental effects of smoking on fracture healing is suboptimal, particularly among men and smokers. Sex, healthcare work, and smoking were significantly associated with knowledge levels after adjusting for confounders. These findings may encourage educational strategies and direct counseling for populations with an observed knowledge gap to help lower the burden and treatment costs.
吸烟会对骨折愈合产生负面影响，增加骨折延迟愈合、畸形愈合和不愈合的风险，同时也会增加医疗费用。尽管吸烟在沙特阿拉伯很普遍，但关于公众对吸烟对骨折负面影响的认识的文献却很有限。我们的研究旨在填补这一空白，并评估民众对吸烟对骨折愈合影响的了解程度。
2024年6月至9月在沙特阿拉伯进行了一项分析性横断面研究，涉及1033名沙特成年人。在一份在线问卷中使用了经过验证且可靠的自行创建的吸烟与骨折知识评估工具（SFKAT）来收集参与者的回答。根据SFKAT得分中位数，将参与者分为知识掌握良好或不佳的组。采用二元逻辑回归来调整混杂变量。
参与者中男性占54.4%。参与者的中位年龄为39岁，其中24.1%为吸烟者。大多数吸烟者为男性（87%）。SFKAT得分中位数为16（四分位间距，IQR = 12 - 19），53%的受访者对吸烟对骨折愈合的影响表现出良好的认知。男性知识掌握良好得分的可能性显著低于女性（调整后的优势比，AOR = 0.48；95%置信区间：0.36 - 0.65；p < 0.001）。医护人员知识掌握良好得分的可能性更高（AOR = 2.78；95%置信区间：1.90 - 4.08；p < 0.001）。吸烟者知识掌握良好得分的几率较低（AOR = 0.54；95%置信区间：0.38 - 0.75；p < 0.001）。
对吸烟对骨折愈合有害影响的认识并不理想，尤其是在男性和吸烟者中。在调整混杂因素后，性别、医护工作和吸烟与知识水平显著相关。这些发现可能会促使针对存在知识差距人群的教育策略和直接咨询，以帮助减轻负担和降低治疗成本。
