Kiesswetter H, Baloch N, Flamm J
Int Urol Nephrol. 1985;17(2):139-42. doi: 10.1007/BF02082484.
Cyclophosphamide was introduced in 1958 in an effort to minimize the side effects of nitrogen mustard. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Endoxan) is not an alkylating agent which has been used for the treatment of a variety of non-malignant as well as malignant diseases. It has also recently been the focus of considerable interest as an immunosuppressive agent, perhaps the most potent immunosuppressive drug that has been synthesized. Reports of urologic complications from this drug are haemorrhagic cystitis, vesical fibrosis and urothelial carcinoma.
环磷酰胺于1958年被引入，旨在尽量减少氮芥的副作用。环磷酰胺（癌得星、Endoxan）并非一种用于治疗多种非恶性及恶性疾病的烷化剂。最近，它作为一种免疫抑制剂也备受关注，或许是已合成的最有效的免疫抑制药物。关于这种药物引起的泌尿系统并发症的报告有出血性膀胱炎、膀胱纤维化和尿路上皮癌。
