用于蜜蜂中高极性农药检测的液相色谱-串联质谱法和离子色谱-高分辨质谱法的开发与验证:一项支持传粉者和环境保护的蜜蜂中农药测定的多中心研究
Development and Validation of LC-MS/MS and IC-HRMS Methods for Highly Polar Pesticide Detection in Honeybees: A Multicenter Study for the Determination of Pesticides in Honeybees to Support Pollinators and Environmental Protection.
作者信息
Pacini Tommaso, Verdini Emanuela, Orsini Serenella, Russo Katia, Mauti Tabita, Gasparini Mara, Borgia Marialuisa, Angelone Barbara, D'Amore Teresa, Pecorelli Ivan
机构信息
Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Direzione Operativa Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.
出版信息
J Xenobiot. 2025 Jun 20;15(4):95. doi: 10.3390/jox15040095.
The widespread use of agrochemicals raises concerns about environmental impacts, particularly on pollinators, such as bees, which serve as bioindicators of contamination. Developing methods to assess contamination risks in bioindicators supports regulatory frameworks, including EU regulations on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in food and the environment. This study presents the development and validation of two complementary analytical methods (LC-MS/MS and IC-HRMS) for highly polar pesticide (HPP) detection and quantification in bee matrices. Both methods were validated according to document SANTE/11312/2021 v2. LC-MS/MS was validated with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.005 mg/kg for all the analytes. Repeatability at 0.005, 0.010, 0.020, and 0.100 mg/kg showed RSD from 1.6% to 19.7% and recoveries between 70% and 119%. Interlaboratory precision at 0.020 mg/kg across two labs showed RSD from 5.5% to 13.6%, with recoveries between 91% and 103%. The IC-HRMS method achieved LOQs of 0.01 mg/kg (glufosinate, N-acetyl glufosinate, MPPA, glyphosate, N-acetyl glyphosate, N-acetyl AMPA) and 0.1 mg/kg (fosetyl, phosphonic acid, AMPA), with mean recoveries in repeatability conditions from 84% to 114% and RSD from 2% to 14%. Intralaboratory precision showed mean recoveries from 87% to 119%, with RSD values between 10% and 18%. These methods enable accurate monitoring of HPP contamination, supporting risk assessment and sustainable agriculture.
农用化学品的广泛使用引发了对环境影响的担忧,尤其是对传粉者的影响,比如蜜蜂,它们是污染的生物指示物。开发评估生物指示物中污染风险的方法有助于完善监管框架,包括欧盟关于食品和环境中农药最大残留限量(MRLs)的法规。本研究介绍了两种用于蜜蜂基质中高极性农药(HPP)检测和定量的互补分析方法(LC-MS/MS和IC-HRMS)的开发与验证。两种方法均根据文件SANTE/11312/2021 v2进行了验证。LC-MS/MS对所有分析物的定量限(LOQ)为0.005 mg/kg。在0.005、0.010、0.020和0.100 mg/kg水平下的重复性显示,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%至19.7%,回收率在70%至119%之间。两个实验室在0.020 mg/kg水平下的实验室间精密度显示,RSD为5.5%至13.6%,回收率在91%至103%之间。IC-HRMS方法的定量限为0.01 mg/kg(草铵膦、N-乙酰草铵膦、MPPA、草甘膦、N-乙酰草甘膦、N-乙酰AMPA)和0.1 mg/kg(乙膦铝、膦酸、AMPA),在重复性条件下的平均回收率为84%至114%,RSD为2%至14%。实验室内精密度显示平均回收率为87%至119%,RSD值在10%至18%之间。这些方法能够准确监测HPP污染,有助于风险评估和可持续农业发展。