Alcaíno Jennifer, Veloso Claudio, Coche Maximiliano, Troncoso Danae, Baeza Marcelo
Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile.
J Fungi (Basel). 2025 Jul 29;11(8):561. doi: 10.3390/jof11080561.
Fungal communities in high plateau ecosystems remain understudied despite their crucial roles in soil ecosystems, and yeasts inhabiting extreme regions have potential for industrial and biotechnological applications. We studied the fungal diversity in soils across 14 Chilean Altiplano sites using amplicon-based metagenomics and isolation of yeasts to assess their growth under various conditions and hydrolytic enzyme secretion. Using the metagenomic approach, the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla were found to be the most abundant (85% and 8%, respectively). Unclassified families and genera prevailed at six and ten sites, respectively. At the other sites, the most abundant families included , , and , and the genera , , and . Biodiversity indices did not correlate with the soil's geographic origin, organic matter content, humidity, or pH. Most isolated yeasts belong to the , , and genera, growing at temperatures ranging from 4 °C to 26 °C. Most isolates could use glucose, sucrose, and maltose as carbon sources and exhibited amylase, esterase, pectinase, and protease activities at 30 °C and below. Our results indicate that the evaluated soil physicochemical parameters do not explain the fungal distribution in the Altiplano and highlight the region as a reservoir of unknown fungi, including yeasts with industrially relevant enzymes.
尽管真菌群落对土壤生态系统至关重要，但高原生态系统中的真菌群落仍未得到充分研究，而栖息在极端地区的酵母在工业和生物技术应用方面具有潜力。我们利用基于扩增子的宏基因组学以及酵母分离技术，研究了智利高原14个地点土壤中的真菌多样性，以评估它们在各种条件下的生长情况以及水解酶的分泌情况。使用宏基因组学方法发现，子囊菌门和担子菌门最为丰富（分别占85%和8%）。未分类的科和属分别在6个和10个地点占主导地位。在其他地点，最丰富的科包括、和，以及属、和属。生物多样性指数与土壤的地理来源、有机质含量、湿度或pH值无关。大多数分离出的酵母属于、和属，能在4°C至26°C的温度范围内生长。大多数分离株可以利用葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖作为碳源，并在30°C及以下表现出淀粉酶、酯酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶活性。我们的结果表明，所评估的土壤理化参数无法解释高原地区真菌的分布情况，并突出了该地区作为未知真菌库的地位，其中包括具有工业相关酶的酵母。
