Hu Gang-Ao, Sun Huai-Ying, Yin Qun-Jian, Wang He, Liu Shi-Yi, Wang Bin-Gui, Wang Hong, Li Xin, Wei Bin
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green, Low-Carbon, and Efficient Development of Marine Fishery Resources, College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China.
Mar Drugs. 2025 Jul 30;23(8):313. doi: 10.3390/md23080313.
Cold seep ecosystems harbor unique microbial communities with potential for producing secondary metabolites. However, the metabolic potential of cold seep microorganisms in the South China Sea remains under-recognized. This study employed both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches, including 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics, to investigate microbial communities and their potential for secondary metabolite production in the South China Sea cold seep. The results indicate microbial composition varied little between two non-reductive sediments but differed significantly from the reductive sediment, primarily due to Planctomycetes and Actinobacteria. Predicting the Secondary Metabolism Potential using Amplicon (PSMPA) predictions revealed 115 strains encoding more than 10 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), with lower BGC abundance in reductive sediment. Culture-dependent studies showed Firmicutes as the dominant cultivable phylum, with strains from shallow samples encoding fewer BGCs. Metagenomic data confirmed distinct microbial compositions and BGC distributions across sediment types, with cold seep type having a stronger influence than geographic location. Certain BGCs showed strong correlations with sediment depth, reflecting microbial adaptation to nutrient-limited environments. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the metabolic capabilities of South China Sea cold seep microorganisms and reveals key factors influencing their secondary metabolic potential, offering valuable insights for the efficient exploration of cold seep biological resources.
冷泉生态系统中蕴藏着独特的微生物群落，具有产生次生代谢产物的潜力。然而，南海冷泉微生物的代谢潜力仍未得到充分认识。本研究采用了依赖培养和不依赖培养的方法，包括16S rRNA扩增子测序和宏基因组学，来研究南海冷泉中的微生物群落及其产生次生代谢产物的潜力。结果表明，两种非还原沉积物之间的微生物组成差异不大，但与还原沉积物有显著差异，主要是由于浮霉菌门和放线菌门。使用扩增子预测次生代谢潜力（PSMPA）的结果显示，有115个菌株编码超过10个生物合成基因簇（BGC），还原沉积物中的BGC丰度较低。依赖培养法的研究表明，厚壁菌门是主要的可培养门类，浅层样本中的菌株编码的BGC较少。宏基因组数据证实了不同沉积物类型中微生物组成和BGC分布的差异，冷泉类型的影响比地理位置更强。某些BGC与沉积物深度呈现出很强的相关性，反映了微生物对营养受限环境的适应性。本研究对南海冷泉微生物的代谢能力进行了全面分析，揭示了影响其次生代谢潜力的关键因素，为高效开发冷泉生物资源提供了有价值的见解。
