Li Qingfeng, Luo Fei, Matthäus Gabor, Sohr David, Nolte Stefan
Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Thorlabs GmbH, Münchner Weg 1, 85232 Bergkirchen, Germany.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Aug 8;15(16):1215. doi: 10.3390/nano15161215.
We present a comprehensive study on the femtosecond laser direct welding of glass and metal, focusing on optimizing processing parameters and understanding the influence of material properties and beam shaping on welding quality. Using microscopy, we identified optimal pulse energy, focal position, and line-spacing for achieving high-quality welds. We further investigated the effects of laser beam shaping and material property differences in various glass-to-metal pairs, including borosilicate, fused silica, and Zerodur glasses welded with mirror-polished metals such as Cu, Mo, Al, Ti, and AISI316 steel. Our results show that Ti and AISI316 steel exhibit the lowest adhesion to borosilicate and fused silica glasses, while Zerodur glass achieves good adhesion with all tested metals. To understand the weldability differences among material pairs, we employed a time-dependent finite-element method to analyze the laser heating-induced thermal stress. Our findings indicate that the welding quality is significantly influenced by the choice of materials and beam shaping, with the vortex beam showing potential for improved welding outcomes. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing glass-to-metal welding processes for various industrial applications.
我们对玻璃与金属的飞秒激光直接焊接进行了全面研究，重点在于优化加工参数，并了解材料特性和光束整形对焊接质量的影响。通过显微镜观察，我们确定了实现高质量焊接的最佳脉冲能量、焦点位置和线间距。我们进一步研究了激光光束整形以及各种玻璃 - 金属组合中材料特性差异的影响，这些组合包括用镜面抛光的金属（如铜、钼、铝、钛和AISI316钢）焊接的硼硅酸盐玻璃、熔融石英玻璃和微晶玻璃。我们的结果表明，钛和AISI316钢与硼硅酸盐玻璃和熔融石英玻璃的附着力最低，而微晶玻璃与所有测试金属都具有良好的附着力。为了理解材料对之间的可焊性差异，我们采用了随时间变化的有限元方法来分析激光加热引起的热应力。我们的研究结果表明，焊接质量受材料选择和光束整形的显著影响，涡旋光束显示出改善焊接效果的潜力。这项研究为优化各种工业应用中的玻璃 - 金属焊接工艺提供了有价值的见解。
