Chicanequisso Eduardo Mangue, Sabonete Acácio, Sacarlal Jahit, Rossetto Érika Valeska, Cassimo Muemed Nury, Baltazar Cynthia Semá
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Mozambique National Institute of Health, P.O. Box 264, Maputo, Mozambique.
National Institute of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 27;25(1):2932. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24122-z.
HIV infection is of concern, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa which is home to two thirds (67%) of the total number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the world. In Southern Africa, Mozambique ranks second, with about 2.2 million PLHIV. Adolescents and young people represent priority groups in the fight against HIV. We set out to assess factors associated with HIV infection among youth which are priority groups for HIV prevention, due to their increased vulnerability to infection.
The 2015 Immunization, Malaria and HIV/AIDS Indicators Survey in Mozambique was used to identify factors associated with HIV infection among 4,247 participants aged 15-24 years. In bivariate analyses, these variables were included in multiple logistic regression models that were run separately for male and female. Modeled adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported for variables independently associated with HIV infection.
In 2015, 295/4,247 (6.9%) of youth were HIV-infected (females, 237/2,427 [9.8%]). Factors associated with HIV infection in males included being a widower (AOR = 52.69, 95%CI: 2.07-1340.33, p = 0.02). Living in Niassa or Sofala was a protective factor in relation to the reference province (Nampula). In females, being aged 20-24 years (AOR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.41-3.00, p < 0.001), widowed (AOR = 15.59, 95%CI: 3.99-60.77, p < 0.001) or separated (OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.09-4.08, p = 0.03), having age of first cohabitation below 18 years (AOR = 1.71, 95%1.14-2.59, p = 0.01), residing in Zambézia (AOR = 3.52, 95%CI:1.06-11.65, p = 0.04) and being wealthier (AOR = 2.20, 95%CI: 1.11-4.36, p = 0.02) were associated with HIV infection. Having completed higher education was a protective factor (AOR = 0.07, 95%CI:0.01-0.58, p = 0.02) in comparison to those with no school education.
The factors associated with HIV in females are biological and sociocultural. Strategies tailored to girls and young women with the aim of reducing gender inequalities, combating harmful traditional practices and increasing educational opportunities are needed.
艾滋病毒感染令人担忧，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲，该地区居住着全球三分之二（67%）的艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）。在南部非洲，莫桑比克的艾滋病毒感染者人数位居第二，约有220万。青少年和年轻人是抗击艾滋病毒的重点群体。鉴于青少年和年轻人更容易感染艾滋病毒，我们着手评估与艾滋病毒感染相关的因素，他们是艾滋病毒预防的重点群体。
利用2015年莫桑比克免疫、疟疾和艾滋病毒/艾滋病指标调查，确定4247名15至24岁参与者中与艾滋病毒感染相关的因素。在双变量分析中，这些变量被纳入分别针对男性和女性运行的多重逻辑回归模型。报告了与艾滋病毒感染独立相关变量的模型调整优势比（AOR）及其95%置信区间（CI）。
2015年，295/4247（6.9%）的青年感染了艾滋病毒（女性为237/2427[9.8%]）。与男性艾滋病毒感染相关的因素包括丧偶（AOR = 52.69，95%CI：2.07 - 1340.33，p = 0.02）。与参考省份楠普拉相比，生活在尼亚萨或索法拉是一个保护因素。在女性中，年龄在20 - 24岁（AOR = 2.06，95%CI：1.41 - 3.00，p < 0.001）、丧偶（AOR = 15.59，95%CI：3.99 - 6o.77，p < 0.001）或分居（OR = 2.11，95%CI：1.09 - 4.08，p = 0.03）、首次同居年龄低于18岁（AOR = 1.71，95%1.14 - 2.59，p = 0.01）、居住在赞比西亚（AOR = 3.52，95%CI：1.06 - 11.65，p = 0.04）以及更富有（AOR = 2.20，95%CI：1.11 - 4.36，p = 0.02）与艾滋病毒感染相关。与未接受学校教育的人相比，完成高等教育是一个保护因素（AOR = 0.07，95%CI：0.01 - 0.58，p = 0.02）。
与女性艾滋病毒感染相关的因素包括生物学和社会文化因素。需要针对女孩和年轻女性制定战略，以减少性别不平等现象，打击有害的传统习俗并增加教育机会。
