Sharma Bharti, Patel Tirth, Dawson-Moroz Sarah, Agriantonis George, Hasan Munirah, Bhatia Navin D, Garcia Carrie, Nesamony Praise, Dave Jasmine, Mestre Juan, Arora Shalini, Bhatti Saad, Shafaee Zahra, Phalakornkul Suganda, Twelker Kate, Whittington Jennifer
Department of Surgery, NYC Health and Hospitals-Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA.
Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Life (Basel). 2025 Aug 8;15(8):1262. doi: 10.3390/life15081262.
: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Patient disposition following TBI has been shown to interact with factors such as age, sex, and injury severity to impact clinical outcomes. Discharge home is associated with better functional outcomes and lower mortality, while discharge to rehabilitation or long-term care facilities is linked to greater injury severity, older age, and higher comorbidity burden. The aim of this study was to further correlate clinical outcomes with discharge dispositions in patients with severe TBI. : This is a retrospective study (2020-2023) of dispositions in patients with severe TBI with AIS (head) ≥ 3. We investigated the relationship between patient disposition and a range of clinical variables, using both parametric (ANOVA) and non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, Van der Waerden, Savage, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Cramer-von Mises) statistical tests. Variables significant in univariate analysis were entered into a multinomial logistic regression model, with discharge home as the reference group. : In a cohort of 824 patients, 25.1% were female (n = 207) and 74.9% were male (n = 617). The mean age was 64.1 years for females and 48.9 years for males. Those admitted for severe TBI were included in our analysis. Most patients were discharged home (52.8%), followed by death (12.4%), inpatient rehab (5.1%), and home with services (5.6%). Significant associations were found between disposition and sex, with both males and females most likely to be discharged home ( = 0.0174), as well as between disposition and injury type ( = 0.0186). Disposition was significantly associated with most major clinical variables: hospital length of stay (HLOS), vent days, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and Injury Severity Score (ISS), with -values < 0.0001 for ANOVA and non-parametric tests. Longer HLOS and ICULOS were associated with discharge to skilled nursing facilities (SNF) most frequently. Days on mechanical ventilation correlated most strongly with discharge to SNF. Lower GCS scores and higher AIS and ISS scores were linked to death or brain death. Prolonged EDLOS was predominantly associated with psychiatric admissions. Higher levels of ETOH were associated with discharge to police custody, followed by homelessness. : Our study supports existing evidence that discharge disposition following severe TBI is influenced by several factors, such as injury severity, age, sex, and clinical variables, such as length of stay and ventilator days.
创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是全球范围内死亡和残疾的主要原因。研究表明,TBI后的患者处置方式与年龄、性别和损伤严重程度等因素相互作用,从而影响临床结局。出院回家与更好的功能结局和更低的死亡率相关,而转至康复机构或长期护理机构则与更严重的损伤、更高的年龄和更高的合并症负担相关。本研究的目的是进一步将重度TBI患者的临床结局与出院处置方式相关联。
这是一项对AIS(头部)≥3的重度TBI患者处置情况的回顾性研究(2020 - 2023年)。我们使用参数统计检验(方差分析)和非参数统计检验(Kruskal - Wallis检验、Wilcoxon检验、Van der Waerden检验、Savage检验、Kolmogorov - Smirnov检验和Cramer - von Mises检验),研究了患者处置方式与一系列临床变量之间的关系。单因素分析中有显著意义的变量被纳入多项逻辑回归模型,以出院回家作为参照组。
在824例患者队列中,女性占25.1%(n = 207),男性占74.9%(n = 617)。女性的平均年龄为64.1岁,男性为48.9岁。纳入分析的是因重度TBI入院的患者。大多数患者出院回家(52.8%),其次是死亡(12.4%)、住院康复(5.1%)和接受服务居家(5.6%)。发现处置方式与性别之间存在显著关联,男性和女性最有可能出院回家(P = 0.0174),处置方式与损伤类型之间也存在显著关联(P = 0.0186)。处置方式与大多数主要临床变量显著相关:住院时间(HLOS)、通气天数、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)和损伤严重程度评分(ISS),方差分析和非参数检验的P值均<0.0001。较长的HLOS和ICU住院时间(ICULOS)最常与转至专业护理机构(SNF)相关。机械通气天数与转至SNF的相关性最强。较低的GCS评分以及较高的AIS和ISS评分与死亡或脑死亡相关。延长的急诊住院时间(EDLOS)主要与精神科入院相关。较高的乙醇水平与被警方拘留相关,其次是无家可归。
我们的研究支持现有证据,即重度TBI后的出院处置方式受多种因素影响,如损伤严重程度、年龄、性别以及住院时间和通气天数等临床变量。