Dong Deyu, Xie Zhanling, Guo Jing, Wang Bao, Peng Qingqing, Yang Jiabao, Deng Baojie, Gao Yuan, Guo Yuting, Fa Xueting, Yu Jianing
College of Ecological and Environment Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
Microorganisms. 2025 Jul 26;13(8):1752. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13081752.
Ecological restoration in the cold and high-altitude mining areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is faced with dual challenges of extreme environments and insufficient microbial adaptability. This study aimed to screen local microbial resources with both extreme environmental adaptability and plant-growth-promoting functions. Local fungi (DK; F18-3) and commercially available bacteria (B0) were used as materials to explore their regulatory mechanisms for plant growth, soil physicochemical factors, microbial communities, and metabolic profiles in the field. Compared to bacterial treatments, local fungi treatments exhibited stronger ecological restoration efficacy. In addition, the DK and F18-3 strains, respectively, increased shoot and root biomass by 23.43% and 195.58% and significantly enhanced soil nutrient content and enzyme activity. Microbiome analysis further implied that, compared with the CK, DK treatment could significantly improve the α-diversity of fungi in the rhizosphere soil (the Shannon index increased by 14.27%) and increased the amount of unique bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of plants, totaling fourteen genera. Meanwhile, this aggregated the most biomarkers and beneficial microorganisms and strengthened the interactions among beneficial microorganisms. After DK treatment, twenty of the positively accumulated differential metabolites (DMs) in the plant rhizosphere were highly positively associated with six plant traits such as shoot length and root length, as well as beneficial microorganisms (e.g., and ), but two DMs were highly negatively related to plant pathogenic fungi (including and ). Specifically, DK mainly inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungi through regulating the accumulation of D-(+)-Malic acid and Gamma-Aminobutyric acid ( and decreased by 84.20% and 58.53%, respectively). In contrast, the F18-3 strain mainly exerted its antibacterial effect by enriching genus microorganisms. This study verified the core role of local fungi in the restoration of mining areas in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provided a new direction for the development of microbial agents for ecological restoration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
青藏高原高寒矿区的生态修复面临着极端环境和微生物适应性不足的双重挑战。本研究旨在筛选具有极端环境适应性和促进植物生长功能的本地微生物资源。以本地真菌（DK；F18 - 3）和市售细菌（B0）为材料，在田间探究它们对植物生长、土壤理化因子、微生物群落和代谢谱的调控机制。与细菌处理相比，本地真菌处理表现出更强的生态修复效果。此外，DK和F18 - 3菌株分别使地上部和根部生物量增加了23.43%和195.58%，并显著提高了土壤养分含量和酶活性。微生物群落分析进一步表明，与对照相比，DK处理可显著提高根际土壤真菌的α多样性（香农指数增加了14.27%），并增加了植物根际土壤中独特细菌属的数量，共计14个属。同时，这聚集了最多的生物标志物和有益微生物，并加强了有益微生物之间的相互作用。DK处理后，植物根际中20种正积累的差异代谢物（DMs）与地上部长度和根长度等6种植物性状以及有益微生物（如 和 ）高度正相关，但有2种DMs与植物病原真菌（包括 和 ）高度负相关。具体而言，DK主要通过调节D-(+)-苹果酸和γ-氨基丁酸的积累来抑制病原真菌的生长（ 和 分别下降了84.20%和58.53%）。相比之下，F18 - 3菌株主要通过富集 属微生物发挥其抗菌作用。本研究验证了本地真菌在青藏高原矿区修复中的核心作用，并为青藏高原生态修复微生物制剂的开发提供了新方向。
