Mijares-Andrade Hascibe, Carreño-Diaz Ismael, La-Llave-Leon Osmel, Meneses-Morales Ivan, Ruiz-Baca Estela, Lopez-Rodriguez Angelica
Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico.
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34120, Mexico.
Molecules. 2025 Aug 11;30(16):3336. doi: 10.3390/molecules30163336.
Olive oil, a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet, contains a saponifiable lipid fraction rich in oleic acid, and a non-saponifiable fraction composed of minor bioactive constituents such as squalene, vitamin E, oleuropein aglycone, hydroxytyrosol, oleocanthal, and oleacein, among other phenolic and triterpenic compounds. These components are well-documented for their cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. This review explores the physiological relevance of olive oil lipids and their derivatives on cellular membranes and ion transport systems, by combining biochemical and electrophysiological insights. We discuss how oleic acid and its metabolites influence membrane lipid composition, modulate fluidity, and reorganize lipid rafts-key elements for the proper localization and function of ion channels. Additionally, we examine evidence showing that several olive oil components regulate ion channels such as TRP, potassium, calcium, and chloride channels, as well as other transporters, thereby influencing ionic homeostasis, oxidative balance, and signal transduction in excitable and non-excitable cells. By combining these findings, we propose a conceptual framework in which olive oil lipids and their derivatives act as multimodal regulators of bioelectrical signaling. By modulating cell membrane dynamics, these functional molecules help maintain cellular communication and homeostasis. This integrative view not only strengthens our understanding of olive oil's health-promoting effects but also opens new avenues for targeting ion-regulatory mechanisms in metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.
橄榄油是地中海饮食的基石，其可皂化脂质部分富含油酸，不可皂化部分则由角鲨烯、维生素E、橄榄苦苷配基、羟基酪醇、油橄榄苦素和橄榄脂素等微量生物活性成分以及其他酚类和三萜类化合物组成。这些成分因其心血管、抗炎、抗氧化和神经保护活性而有充分的文献记载。本综述通过结合生化和电生理见解，探讨了橄榄油脂质及其衍生物对细胞膜和离子转运系统的生理相关性。我们讨论了油酸及其代谢产物如何影响膜脂质组成、调节流动性以及重组脂筏——离子通道正确定位和功能的关键要素。此外，我们研究了证据表明，几种橄榄油成分可调节离子通道，如瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道、钾通道、钙通道和氯通道以及其他转运体，从而影响可兴奋细胞和非可兴奋细胞中的离子稳态、氧化平衡和信号转导。通过综合这些发现，我们提出了一个概念框架，其中橄榄油脂质及其衍生物作为生物电信号的多模态调节剂。通过调节细胞膜动力学，这些功能分子有助于维持细胞通讯和稳态。这种综合观点不仅加强了我们对橄榄油促进健康作用的理解，也为针对代谢、心血管和神经疾病中的离子调节机制开辟了新途径。
