Oh Taehoon, Cho Chan Hee, Baek Su Cheol, Jo Mun Seok, Kang Woo Bong, Kang Yun Seok, Ko Sung-Kyun, Kim Ki Hyun
Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea.
Nutrients. 2025 Aug 8;17(16):2584. doi: 10.3390/nu17162584.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vinegar-egg is a traditional health-promoting beverage prepared by soaking eggs in vinegar. While both eggs and vinegar are common dietary components with well-documented nutritional and pharmacological activities, eggs treated with vinegar have been rarely studied. This study aims to identify and characterize bioactive compounds in vinegar-egg and investigate their potential wound-healing activities.
The vinegar-egg extract was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and column chromatography, including HPLC purification, which led to the isolation of four phenolic compounds.
These compounds were identified as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (), vanillic acid (), methyl syringate (), and leptosperin () using ESI-MS, UV, and NMR spectroscopic data. Among the isolates, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid () and vanillic acid () demonstrated wound-healing properties in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. None of the compounds, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (), vanillic acid (), methyl syringate (), or leptosperin (), exhibited cytotoxicity in PC12, AGS, MEF, or MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid () enhanced cell motility by 2.59-fold and cell invasion by 1.20-fold, while vanillic acid () increased cell motility by 2.69-fold and cell invasion by 1.23-fold. Western blot analysis revealed that treatment with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid () and vanillic acid () increased the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). Furthermore, both compounds elevated the phosphorylation of p38, a key regulator in wound-healing pathways.
These findings demonstrate that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid () and vanillic acid () accelerate wound healing through the activation of focal adhesion and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. These results highlight vinegar-egg as a promising therapeutic candidate for wound healing.
背景/目的：醋蛋液是一种通过将鸡蛋浸泡在醋中制成的传统保健饮品。虽然鸡蛋和醋都是常见的饮食成分，其营养和药理活性已有充分记载，但经醋处理的鸡蛋却鲜有研究。本研究旨在鉴定和表征醋蛋液中的生物活性化合物，并研究它们潜在的伤口愈合活性。
采用液相色谱 - 质谱联用（LC - MS）和柱色谱法对醋蛋液提取物进行分析，包括高效液相色谱（HPLC）纯化，从而分离出四种酚类化合物。
利用电喷雾电离质谱（ESI - MS）、紫外光谱（UV）和核磁共振光谱（NMR）数据，将这些化合物鉴定为4 - 羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、丁香酸甲酯和细籽精。在分离出的化合物中，4 - 羟基苯甲酸和香草酸在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MEF）中表现出伤口愈合特性。4 - 羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、丁香酸甲酯或细籽精在PC12、AGS、MEF或MDA - MB - 231细胞中均未表现出细胞毒性。值得注意的是，4 - 羟基苯甲酸使细胞运动性提高了2.59倍，细胞侵袭能力提高了1.20倍，而香草酸使细胞运动性提高了2.69倍，细胞侵袭能力提高了1.23倍。蛋白质免疫印迹分析显示，用4 - 羟基苯甲酸和香草酸处理可增加粘着斑激酶（p - FAK）和基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP - 2）的磷酸化。此外，这两种化合物均提高了p38的磷酸化水平，p38是伤口愈合途径中的关键调节因子。
这些发现表明，4 - 羟基苯甲酸和香草酸通过激活粘着斑和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路加速伤口愈合。这些结果突出了醋蛋液作为一种有前景的伤口愈合治疗候选物。
