Carvalho Luisa C, Pinto Teresa, Costa Joaquim Miguel, Martins Antero, Amâncio Sara, Gonçalves Elsa
LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
Associação Portuguesa para a Diversidade da Videira-PORVID, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 10;14(16):2480. doi: 10.3390/plants14162480.
The valorization of genetic intravarietal variability through the identification of the most suitable genotypes for yield and must quality is an adequate strategy for grapevine selection. Currently, climate change affects vine yield and wine quality in numerous ways, but little information is available on intravarietal variability regarding responses to abiotic stresses. In the current work, the intravarietal genetic variability of the Portuguese white variety Arinto was studied for yield, must quality, and for tolerance to abiotic stress, through indirect, rapid, and nondestructive measurements in the field. An innovative approach in selection for abiotic stress tolerance is described. The surface leaf temperature (SLT) of clones under environmental conditions of drought and extreme heat was measured, as were the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index); PRI (Photochemical Reflectance Index); and chlorophyll content through the SPAD index, yield, and the characteristics of the must (pH, acidity, and °Brix). The application of this methodology was carried out in an experimental population of 165 Arinto clones for three years. Linear mixed models were fitted to the data from evaluated traits, and the empirical best linear unbiased predictors (EBLUPs) of genotypic effects were obtained, as well as the coefficient of genotypic variation (CVG) and broad-sense heritability. The genotypes were ranked according to their level of tolerance to abiotic stress without loss of yield/quality. SLT enabled the identification of clones that regulate stomata opening during stress, thus correlating positively with yield. SLT appears, thus, to be the most robust and reliable indicator to assess tolerance to stress in large field trials for grapevine selection. The results enabled the selection of a group of ten clones with increased tolerance to stress, compared to the average of the variety which maintained the typical must quality of Arinto.
通过鉴定产量和葡萄汁品质最适宜的基因型来实现遗传品种内变异的增值，是葡萄品种选择的一种恰当策略。目前，气候变化以多种方式影响葡萄产量和葡萄酒品质，但关于品种内对非生物胁迫响应的变异信息却很少。在当前这项研究中，通过田间间接、快速且无损的测量方法，对葡萄牙白葡萄品种阿林托（Arinto）的品种内遗传变异进行了产量、葡萄汁品质及非生物胁迫耐受性方面的研究。文中描述了一种选择非生物胁迫耐受性的创新方法。测量了干旱和酷热环境条件下克隆植株的叶片表面温度（SLT）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、光化学反射指数（PRI），通过叶绿素计指数测量了叶绿素含量、产量以及葡萄汁的特性（pH值、酸度和波美度）。该方法在165个阿林托克隆植株的试验群体中应用了三年。对评估性状的数据拟合线性混合模型，获得了基因型效应的经验最佳线性无偏预测值（EBLUPs），以及基因型变异系数（CVG）和广义遗传力。根据基因型对非生物胁迫的耐受水平进行排序，同时不损失产量/品质。SLT能够识别在胁迫期间调节气孔开放的克隆植株，因此与产量呈正相关。因此，在大规模田间试验中，SLT似乎是评估葡萄品种选择中胁迫耐受性最稳健、最可靠的指标。结果选出了一组十个克隆植株，与该品种平均水平相比，它们对胁迫的耐受性增强，同时保持了阿林托典型的葡萄汁品质。
