Duan Huimin, Liu Lingling, Wang Wenhu, Li Sida, Shi Zhenghai, Liang Guoling, Liu Wenhui
Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 12;14(16):2500. doi: 10.3390/plants14162500.
Oat is a dual-purpose crop valued for both grain and forage. The stay-green (SG) trait, which delays leaf senescence and prolongs photosynthesis, has been shown to increase yield and quality in several crop species, yet its performance across diverse environments in oats remains underexplored. In this study, multi-location field trials were conducted in Ledu, Huangzhong and Haiyan, Qinghai Province, China, to comprehensively evaluate the performance of stay-green oat lines. The traits evaluated included grain yield components, nutritional quality, and seedling establishment traits. A TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) model, coefficient of variation (CV) and × (genotype × environment) visualization were used to assess adaptability, stability, and genotype × environment interactions. On average, the stay-green lines exhibited an 16.00% increase in plot yield and a 22.93% increase in thousand-grain weight compared to controls. Notable improvements were also observed in the starch (7.58% LN_SG in HZ and HY) and protein (3.58%, QY5_SG all the sites) contents, as well as multiple seedling establishment indices, with the seedling vigor indices increasing by more than 50%. Stability analysis further showed that the stay-green lines were stable in spike length, thousand-grain weight, water-soluble carbohydrates, and seed and seedling vigor. TOPSIS analysis identified 'LN_SG' as the top-performing and most adaptable genotype across all environments. Overall, stay-green oat lines demonstrated superior performance in grain yield, nutritional quality, and seedling establishment. These findings highlight their potential for field application and their value as parental materials in oat breeding programs enhancing environmental adaptability and stability.
燕麦是一种兼具谷物和饲料价值的两用作物。持绿（SG）性状可延迟叶片衰老并延长光合作用，已被证明能提高多种作物的产量和品质，但其在燕麦不同环境中的表现仍未得到充分研究。本研究在中国青海省乐都、湟中和海晏进行了多点田间试验，以全面评估持绿燕麦品系的表现。评估的性状包括籽粒产量构成因素、营养品质和幼苗建立性状。采用逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）模型、变异系数（CV）和基因型×环境（G×E）可视化方法来评估适应性、稳定性和基因型×环境互作。平均而言，与对照相比，持绿品系小区产量提高了16.00%，千粒重提高了22.93%。淀粉含量（湟中和海晏的LN_SG提高7.58%）、蛋白质含量（QY5_SG在所有地点提高3.58%）以及多个幼苗建立指标也有显著改善，幼苗活力指数提高了50%以上。稳定性分析进一步表明，持绿品系在穗长、千粒重、水溶性碳水化合物以及种子和幼苗活力方面表现稳定。TOPSIS分析确定“LN_SG”是所有环境中表现最佳且适应性最强的基因型。总体而言，持绿燕麦品系在籽粒产量、营养品质和幼苗建立方面表现优异。这些发现突出了它们在田间应用的潜力以及作为燕麦育种计划中亲本材料的价值，可增强环境适应性和稳定性。
