Nagasawa Masayuki
Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
Pathogens. 2025 Aug 16;14(8):813. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080813.
The varicella attenuated virus vaccine, developed in Japan in the 1970s, has dramatically reduced the number of pediatric chickenpox cases over the past 30 years due to its widespread use. However, a small number of cases of chickenpox, shingles, aseptic meningitis, and acute retinal necrosis caused by vaccine strains have been reported. There are also issues that need to be addressed, such as breakthrough infections and the persistence of the preventive effect of vaccination. In addition, there is the possibility of the emergence of revertants or mutations in the vaccine strain. In recent years, subunit vaccines have been developed, their immune-stimulating effects have been demonstrated, and they are being applied clinically. In addition, development of an mRNA varicella vaccine is underway. In this review, the history and impact of the varicella vaccine are overviewed, as well as its future challenges.
20世纪70年代在日本研发的水痘减毒活疫苗，由于其广泛使用，在过去30年里显著减少了儿童水痘病例的数量。然而，已经报告了少数由疫苗株引起的水痘、带状疱疹、无菌性脑膜炎和急性视网膜坏死病例。还有一些问题需要解决，如突破性感染和疫苗接种预防效果的持续性。此外，疫苗株有可能出现回复突变体或突变。近年来，亚单位疫苗已被研发出来，其免疫刺激作用已得到证实，并正在临床应用。此外，mRNA水痘疫苗的研发也在进行中。在这篇综述中，概述了水痘疫苗的历史和影响及其未来面临的挑战。
