Novel Throat-Attached Piezoelectric Sensors Based on Adam-Optimized Deep Belief Networks.

This paper proposes an Adam-optimized Deep Belief Networks (Adam-DBNs) denoising method for throat-attached piezoelectric signals. The method aims to process mechanical vibration signals captured through polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensors attached to the throat region, which are typically contaminated by environmental noise and physiological noise. First, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is utilized to convert the original signals into the time-frequency domain. Subsequently, the masked time-frequency representation is reconstructed into the time domain through a diagonal average-based inverse STFT. To address complex nonlinear noise structures, a Deep Belief Network is further adopted to extract features and reconstruct clean signals, where the Adam optimization algorithm ensures the efficient convergence and stability of the training process. Compared with traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Adam-DBNs significantly improve waveform similarity by 6.77% and reduce the local noise energy residue by 0.099696. These results demonstrate that the Adam-DBNs method exhibits substantial advantages in signal reconstruction fidelity and residual noise suppression, providing an efficient and robust solution for throat-attached piezoelectric sensor signal enhancement tasks.