Kruk-Słomka Marta, Kuceł Dominika, Małysz Maria, Machnikowska Adrianna, Orzelska-Górka Jolanta, Biała Grażyna
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Jul 26;18(8):1117. doi: 10.3390/ph18081117.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. It is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, leading to dementia. The pathogenesis of the disease is primarily attributed to two pathological protein structures: amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau protein neurofibrils. The current treatment strategies for AD are mainly symptomatic, highlighting the urgent need for the development of new, more effective therapies for the disease. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and scientific review of the latest research regarding novel therapeutic options in the treatment of AD. In recent years, research has focused on more advanced and diversified strategies, including immunotherapy, gene therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, therapies targeting mitochondrial function, and neurogenesis-related process modulation. One of the most promising treatment strategies for AD is immunotherapy. Intensive research is currently underway on both passive immunization, which involves the administration of monoclonal antibodies, and active immunization through vaccinations that stimulate the body to produce specific antibodies. Further research into novel therapeutic directions is essential, particularly concerning the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of AD. Immunization appears to be a highly promising approach to developing effective methods for preventing AD or delaying the progression of this disease.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是全球最常见的慢性神经退行性疾病之一。其特征是进行性记忆丧失和认知衰退，最终导致痴呆。该疾病的发病机制主要归因于两种病理性蛋白质结构：β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）斑块和tau蛋白神经原纤维。目前AD的治疗策略主要是对症治疗，这凸显了迫切需要开发新的、更有效的治疗方法。本文的目的是对AD治疗中新型治疗选择的最新研究进行全面而科学的综述。近年来，研究集中在更先进和多样化的策略上，包括免疫疗法、基因疗法、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、针对线粒体功能的疗法以及与神经发生相关过程的调节。AD最有前景的治疗策略之一是免疫疗法。目前正在对被动免疫（即注射单克隆抗体）和通过疫苗接种进行的主动免疫（刺激机体产生特异性抗体）进行深入研究。进一步探索新型治疗方向至关重要，特别是关于免疫系统在AD发病机制中的作用。免疫疗法似乎是开发预防AD或延缓其疾病进展的有效方法的极具前景的途径。
