Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Dec 5;142(Pt A):113104. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113104. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a trigger for cellular autophagy dysfunction and programmed cell death. Emerging studies have revealed that, in pathological contexts, intercellular transfer of mitochondria takes place, facilitating the restoration of mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and immune homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles, membranous structures released by cells, exhibit reduced immunogenicity and enhanced stability during the transfer of mitochondria. Thus, this review provides a concise overview of mitochondrial dysfunction related diseases and the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in diseases progression, and the composition and functions of the extracellular vesicles, along with elucidating the principal mechanisms underlying intercellular mitochondrial transfer. In this article, we will focus on the advancements in both animal models and clinical trials concerning the therapeutic efficacy of extracellular vesicle-mediated mitochondrial transplantation across various systemic diseases in neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the review delves into the multifaceted roles of extracellular vesicle-transplanted mitochondria, encompassing anti-inflammatory actions, promotion of tissue repair, enhancement of cellular function, and modulation of metabolic and immune homeostasis within diverse pathological contexts, aiming to provide novel perspectives for extracellular vesicle transplantation of mitochondria in the treatment of various diseases.
线粒体功能障碍已被确定为细胞自噬功能障碍和程序性细胞死亡的触发因素。新兴的研究表明，在病理情况下，细胞间会发生线粒体转移，从而促进线粒体功能、能量代谢和免疫平衡的恢复。细胞释放的膜状结构——细胞外囊泡，在转移线粒体的过程中表现出免疫原性降低和稳定性增强。因此，本综述简要概述了与线粒体功能障碍相关的疾病以及线粒体功能障碍在疾病进展中的机制、细胞外囊泡的组成和功能，以及阐明了细胞间线粒体转移的主要机制。在本文中，我们将重点介绍动物模型和临床试验方面的进展，涉及细胞外囊泡介导的线粒体移植在神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病等各种系统性疾病中的治疗效果。此外，该综述还深入探讨了细胞外囊泡移植线粒体的多方面作用，包括抗炎作用、促进组织修复、增强细胞功能以及在不同病理情况下调节代谢和免疫平衡，旨在为细胞外囊泡移植线粒体治疗各种疾病提供新的视角。
