Lan Xiaolin, Liang Fang, Li Gan, Kong Weili, Wang Ruining, Wang Lin, Zhao Mengmeng, Zhang Keshan
Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal, Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
Gladstone Institutes of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Vet Sci. 2025 Jul 27;12(8):701. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12080701.
The Akabane virus (AKAV) is a significant member of the Orthobunyavirus genus, with its envelope glycoprotein Gc, focusing on its molecular structural features, immunoregulatory mechanisms, and application value in pathogen diagnosis and vaccine design. As a key structural protein of AKAV, Gc mediates virus adsorption and neutralizing antibody recognition through the N-terminal highly variable region (HVR), while the C-terminal conserved region (CR) dominates the membrane fusion process, and its glycosylation modification has a significant regulatory effect on protein function. In clinical diagnostics, serological assays based on Gc proteins (e.g., ELISA, immunochromatographic test strips) have been standardized; in vaccine development, the neutralizing epitope of Gc proteins has become a core target for subunit vaccine design. Follow-up studies were deeply needed to analyze the structure-function interaction mechanism of Gc proteins to provide theoretical support for the construction of a new type of AKAV prevention and control system.
赤羽病毒（AKAV）是正布尼亚病毒属的重要成员，以其包膜糖蛋白Gc为重点，研究其分子结构特征、免疫调节机制以及在病原体诊断和疫苗设计中的应用价值。作为AKAV的关键结构蛋白，Gc通过N端高变区（HVR）介导病毒吸附和中和抗体识别，而C端保守区（CR）主导膜融合过程，其糖基化修饰对蛋白质功能具有显著调节作用。在临床诊断中，基于Gc蛋白的血清学检测方法（如酶联免疫吸附测定、免疫层析试纸条）已实现标准化；在疫苗研发中，Gc蛋白的中和表位已成为亚单位疫苗设计的核心靶点。迫切需要开展后续研究，分析Gc蛋白的结构-功能相互作用机制，为构建新型AKAV防控体系提供理论支持。
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