Nardy Ariane, Monteiro Fernanda Rodrigues, Silva Brenda Rodrigues, do Amaral Jônatas Bussador, Leal Oliveira Danielle Bruna, Cândido Érika Donizetti de Oliveira, Luiz Durigon Edison, Aguiar Andressa Simões, Scagion Guilherme Pereira, Chalup Vanessa Nascimento, Furtado Guilherme Eustáquio, Shio Marina Tiemi, França Carolina Nunes, Nali Luiz Henrique da Silva, Bachi André Luis Lacerda
Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04743-030, SP, Brazil.
ENT Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Jul 24;13(8):785. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13080785.
Chronic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may favor the development of immunosenescence and inflammation that impair vaccine responses, including COVID-19. In addition, the polymorphism of the interferon-lambda gene (IFNλ) affects COVID-19 immune responses in older adults.
We aimed to investigate the impact of IFNλ polymorphism ( gene-rs12979860) on the immune/inflammatory response to vaccination with CoronaVac for COVID-19 in older adults who were CMV-seropositive.
Blood samples from 42 CMV-seropositive older adults (73.7 ± 4.5 years) were collected before and 30 days after immunization with a second dose of the CoronaVac vaccine to evaluate the immune/inflammatory response.
At genotyping, 20 subjects were homozygous for the C/C alleles (Allele-1 group), 5 were homozygous for the T/T Alleles (Allele-2 group), and 17 were heterozygous (C/T, Alleles-1/2 group). The Allele-1 group showed higher IgG levels for COVID-19 ( = 0.0269) and intermediate monocyte percentage ( = 0.017), in contrast to a lower non-classical monocyte percentage ( = 0.0141) post-vaccination than pre-vaccination. Also, this group showed that IgG levels for CMV were positively associated with a systemic pro-inflammatory state and senescent T cells (CD4+ and CD8+). The Allele-2 group presented higher IFN-β levels at pre- ( = 0.0248) and post-vaccination ( = 0.0206) than the values in the Allele-1 and Alleles-1/2 groups, respectively. In addition, the Allele-2 and Alleles-1/2 groups showed that IgG levels for COVID-19 were positively associated with a balanced systemic inflammatory state.
CMV-seropositivity in older adults who had Allele-1 could lead to an unbalanced systemic inflammatory state, which may impair their antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination compared to other volunteer groups.
慢性巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染可能促进免疫衰老和炎症的发展，从而损害疫苗反应，包括对新冠病毒（COVID-19）疫苗的反应。此外，干扰素-λ基因（IFNλ）的多态性会影响老年人对COVID-19的免疫反应。
我们旨在研究IFNλ多态性（基因-rs12979860）对CMV血清学阳性老年人接种新冠病毒灭活疫苗（CoronaVac）后免疫/炎症反应的影响。
收集42名CMV血清学阳性老年人（73.7±4.5岁）在接种第二剂CoronaVac疫苗前及接种后30天的血样，以评估免疫/炎症反应。
基因分型时，20名受试者为C/C等位基因纯合子（等位基因1组），5名受试者为T/T等位基因纯合子（等位基因2组），17名受试者为杂合子（C/T，等位基因1/2组）。与接种疫苗后相比，等位基因1组接种疫苗前非经典单核细胞百分比降低（P=0.0141），而COVID-19的IgG水平较高（P=0.0269），单核细胞百分比处于中等水平（P=0.017）。此外，该组显示CMV的IgG水平与全身促炎状态和衰老T细胞（CD4+和CD8+）呈正相关。等位基因2组接种疫苗前（P=0.0248）和接种疫苗后（P=0.0206）的IFN-β水平分别高于等位基因1组和等位基因1/2组。此外，等位基因2组和等位基因1/2组显示COVID-19的IgG水平与全身炎症状态平衡呈正相关。
与其他志愿者组相比，具有等位基因1的老年人CMV血清学阳性可能导致全身炎症状态失衡，这可能损害他们对COVID-19疫苗接种的抗体反应。
