Yoshinaga Naoki, Cooper Scott
School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
SWA San Francisco, SWA Group, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2025 Aug 12;16:1610807. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1610807. eCollection 2025.
This paper introduces a broader theoretical framework for assertiveness that integrates traditional social assertiveness with three additional dimensions: behavioral, emotional, and mental assertiveness. We delineate four distinct yet interrelated pathways of assertiveness, applying common, non-technical terminology: "speaking up" (social), "jumping in" (behavioral), "embracing compassion" (emotional), and "accepting life" (mental). These dimensions are situated within an integrative framework aimed at enhancing individual well-being through intentional and context-sensitive agency. Drawing from existing psychological theories (e.g., grit, self-regulation, empathy), we clarify how each facet is differentiated from related constructs or theories. Furthermore, we outline practical directions for empirical testing, including candidate self-report measures, behavioral tasks, and qualitative assessments. The proposed model offers a multidimensional basis for future research and intervention development.
本文介绍了一个更广泛的自信理论框架，该框架将传统的社交自信与另外三个维度整合在一起：行为自信、情感自信和心理自信。我们用常见的非专业术语描述了自信的四条不同但相互关联的途径：“大声说出来”（社交方面）、“积极参与”（行为方面）、“心怀同情”（情感方面）和“接受生活”（心理方面）。这些维度处于一个综合框架之中，旨在通过有意识且因地制宜的行动来提升个人幸福感。借鉴现有的心理学理论（如毅力、自我调节、同理心），我们阐明了每个方面如何与相关的概念或理论区分开来。此外，我们概述了实证测试的实际方向，包括候选的自我报告测量方法、行为任务和定性评估。所提出的模型为未来的研究和干预发展提供了一个多维度的基础。
