Varnum Michael E W, Kirsch Amanda P, Beal Daniel J, Pick Cari M, Al-Shawaf Laith, Ambrosio Chiara, Barbato Maria Teresa, Barry Oumar, Boonyasiriwat Watcharaporn, Brandstätter Eduard, Ceylan-Batur Suzan, Correa Varella Marco Antonio, Cruz Julio Eduardo, David Oana, Ngom Dieng Laina, Dubois Dimitri, Fernandez Ana María, Galdi Silvia, Galindo Caballero Oscar Javier, Graf Sylvie, Grossmann Igor, Guzman David, Halama Peter, Hamamura Takeshi, Hřebíčková Martina, Iuga Ioana, Javela Lady, Jung Jaewuk, Karl Johannes A, Kim Jinseok P, Kohút Michal, Mafra Anthonieta Looman, Ndiaye Dieynaba Gabrielle, O Jiaqing, Perez Sánchez Beatriz, Unzueta Eric Roth, Rizwan Muhammad, Sevincer A Timur, Skoog Eric, Suh Eunkook M, Sznycer Daniel, Thunell Evelina, Tognetti Arnaud, Uskul Ayse K, Valentova Jaroslava Varella, Wee Yunsuh Nike, Lundkvist Winter Anja, Young Torin Peter, Zambrano Danilo, Ziska Anna, Kenrick Douglas T
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282-1104, USA.
Department of Management, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
PNAS Nexus. 2025 Aug 26;4(8):pgaf239. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf239. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Decades of research support the generalization that human males tend to be more aggressive than females. However, most of that research has examined aggression between unrelated individuals. Data drawn from 24 societies around the globe ( = 4,013) indicate that this generalization does not hold in the context of sibling relationships. In retrospective self-reports, females report being at least as aggressive as males toward their siblings, often more so. This holds for direct as well as indirect aggression, and for aggression between adult siblings as well as aggression that occurred during childhood. Consistent with prior research on sex differences, males reported engaging in more direct aggression toward nonkin than did females in the majority of societies. The results suggest that the dynamics of aggression within the family are different from those outside of it, and ultimately that understanding the role of sex in aggressive tendencies depends on context and target.
人类男性往往比女性更具攻击性。然而，大部分此类研究考察的是无亲属关系个体之间的攻击行为。来自全球24个社会（n = 4013）的数据表明，这种普遍观点在兄弟姐妹关系中并不成立。在回顾性自我报告中，女性报告称在对待兄弟姐妹时至少与男性一样具有攻击性，甚至常常更具攻击性。这在直接攻击和间接攻击中均成立，在成年兄弟姐妹之间的攻击以及童年时期发生的攻击中也成立。与先前关于性别差异的研究一致，在大多数社会中，男性报告对非亲属实施的直接攻击比女性更多。结果表明，家庭内部攻击行为的动态与外部不同，最终，理解性别在攻击倾向中的作用取决于情境和目标。
