Department of Economics, University of Bonn, and Behavior and Inequality Research Institute (briq), 53113 Bonn, Germany.
Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Science. 2018 Oct 19;362(6412). doi: 10.1126/science.aas9899.
Preferences concerning time, risk, and social interactions systematically shape human behavior and contribute to differential economic and social outcomes between women and men. We present a global investigation of gender differences in six fundamental preferences. Our data consist of measures of willingness to take risks, patience, altruism, positive and negative reciprocity, and trust for 80,000 individuals in 76 representative country samples. Gender differences in preferences were positively related to economic development and gender equality. This finding suggests that greater availability of and gender-equal access to material and social resources favor the manifestation of gender-differentiated preferences across countries.
人们对于时间、风险和社会互动的偏好会系统地塑造其行为方式，并导致女性和男性在经济和社会成果方面存在差异。我们对六大基本偏好的性别差异进行了全球调查。我们的数据包括 76 个有代表性的国家样本中 8 万名个体对风险承受意愿、耐心程度、利他主义、互惠行为（包括正、负两方面）以及信任的衡量指标。个体的偏好存在性别差异，这与经济发展和性别平等呈正相关。这一发现表明，更多的物质和社会资源的可获得性以及对这些资源的性别平等获取，有利于各国表现出差异化的性别偏好。
