Alasiri Glowi, Alaseem Ali M, Ali Al-Montaser Bellah H, Ali Ramadan, El-Wekil Mohamed M
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh 13317 Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh Saudi Arabia.
RSC Adv. 2025 Aug 26;15(37):30404-30414. doi: 10.1039/d5ra05197e. eCollection 2025 Aug 22.
Detecting amantadine (AMD) residues in food is essential due to its illegal use in livestock for disease prevention and growth promotion, practices that can lead to harmful drug residues in meat, eggs, and milk. Such residues pose significant public health concerns, including the development of drug-resistant pathogens. In this study, a highly sensitive and selective fluorometric method is presented for detecting AMD in food matrices. The assay is based on the formation of a fluorescent isoindole derivative a ternary reaction between -phthalaldehyde (OPA), the primary amine group of AMD, and dithiothreitol (DTT) on citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (C-AuNPs) functionalized with DTT (DTT@C-AuNPs) under alkaline conditions. DTT acts as a bifunctional linker, anchoring to the nanoparticle surface through one SH group, while the second SH remains available to participate in isoindole formation. This configuration results in a turn-on fluorescence system, with emission observed at = 330 nm and = 460 nm, overcoming the typical quenching associated with AuNPs-based sensors. The method demonstrated LOD of 20 nM and high anti-interference/selectivity toward AMD, with minimal interference from matrix components. Validation through standard addition recovery experiments in AMD-spiked food samples confirmed the assay's accuracy and precision. Overall, this fluorometric platform offers a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective approach for AMD monitoring, supporting its practical application in food quality control and regulatory surveillance programs.
由于金刚烷胺（AMD）在牲畜中被非法用于疾病预防和促进生长，这种做法可能导致肉类、蛋类和奶类中出现有害药物残留，因此检测食品中的金刚烷胺残留至关重要。此类残留引发了重大的公共卫生问题，包括耐药病原体的产生。在本研究中，提出了一种用于检测食品基质中AMD的高灵敏度和选择性荧光方法。该测定基于在碱性条件下，在经二硫苏糖醇（DTT）功能化的柠檬酸盐稳定金纳米颗粒（C-AuNPs）（DTT@C-AuNPs）上，邻苯二甲醛（OPA）、AMD的伯胺基团和二硫苏糖醇（DTT）之间形成荧光异吲哚衍生物的三元反应。DTT作为双功能连接体，通过一个SH基团锚定在纳米颗粒表面，而第二个SH基团仍可参与异吲哚的形成。这种结构导致了一个开启式荧光系统，在λex = 330 nm和λem = 460 nm处观察到发射，克服了基于金纳米颗粒的传感器典型的猝灭现象。该方法对AMD的检测限为20 nM，具有高抗干扰性/选择性，基质成分的干扰最小。通过在加标AMD的食品样品中进行标准加入回收实验进行验证，证实了该测定的准确性和精密度。总体而言，这个荧光平台为AMD监测提供了一种快速、可靠且经济高效的方法，支持其在食品质量控制和监管监测计划中的实际应用。
