冈比亚按蚊的饮食对其抗溴氰菊酯能力的影响。

Effects of the diet of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae on its resistance to deltamethrin.

作者信息

Cissé-Niambélé Khadidiatou, Koella Jacob C, Koudou Guibéhi Benjamin

机构信息

Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

出版信息

Malar J. 2025 Aug 28;24(1):276. doi: 10.1186/s12936-025-05521-4.

DOI:10.1186/s12936-025-05521-4

PMID:40877936

Abstract

BACKGROUND

While many aspects of the genetic basis of mosquito resistance to insecticides are understood, the degree to which this resistance is affected by environmental parameters such as diet remains unclear. Therefore, two experiments were performed to evaluate how the diet of Anopheles gambiae, that is its sugar and blood meals, influences its resistance to deltamethrin.

METHODS

The first experiment focused on sugar meals taken from different plants and on the time between the blood meal and the exposure to the insecticide. Mosquitoes had continuous access to Tevethia nerifolia, Ixora coccinea or Mandalium coromandelianum as sugar meals, and half of them received a blood meal. After 15-18 h (i.e., at a time when digestive genes are upregulated) or 60-63 h (i.e., after digestion). They were then exposed to 0.5% deltamethrin for one hour and measured the proportion of mosquitoes that were knocked down during the exposure and that died within the next 24 h. The second experiment examined how the sugar-meal (consisting of the same three plants) interacted with the age at blood feeding. Mosquitoes were blood-fed or left unfed four or 11 days after emergence and exposed to the insecticide 1 day later.

RESULTS

In the first experiment, the plant species had no effect on the rates of mortality or knock-down. If the mosquitoes were exposed earlier, blood-feds were 22.7% less likely to die and 10.0% less likely to be knocked down than unfeds, but if they were exposed later, blood-feeding increased mortality by 8.7% and knock-down by 14.0%. In the second experiment, neither the plant nor its interactions with blood meal or age affected mortality, but younger mosquitoes had lower mortality (60.7%) than older ones (66.4%), independently of their blood-meal. Similarly, the plant had no effect on knock-down rate, but the blood meal increased it by 14.5% in young mosquitoes and reduced it by 21.5% in old ones.

CONCLUSION

These results underline the complex role of the mosquitoes' diet on their response to insecticides.

摘要

背景

虽然人们对蚊子抗杀虫剂的遗传基础的许多方面已有了解，但这种抗性受饮食等环境参数影响的程度仍不清楚。因此，进行了两项实验来评估冈比亚按蚊的饮食，即其糖餐和血餐，如何影响其对溴氰菊酯的抗性。

方法

第一项实验聚焦于取自不同植物的糖餐以及血餐与接触杀虫剂之间的时间间隔。蚊子可连续获取作为糖餐的紫背天葵、龙船花或长柄合叶木，其中一半蚊子接受血餐。在15 - 18小时（即消化基因上调时）或60 - 63小时（即消化后）后，将它们暴露于0.5%的溴氰菊酯中一小时，并测量暴露期间被击倒以及在接下来24小时内死亡的蚊子比例。第二项实验研究了糖餐（由相同的三种植物组成）如何与吸血时的年龄相互作用。蚊子在羽化后4天或11天进行血餐或不进行血餐，1天后暴露于杀虫剂。

结果

在第一项实验中，植物种类对死亡率或击倒率没有影响。如果蚊子更早暴露，吸食血餐的蚊子死亡可能性比未吸食血餐的蚊子低22.7%，被击倒的可能性低10.0%，但如果它们更晚暴露，吸食血餐会使死亡率增加8.7%，击倒率增加14.0%。在第二项实验中，植物及其与血餐或年龄的相互作用均不影响死亡率，但较年轻的蚊子死亡率（60.7%）低于较年长的蚊子（66.4%），与它们是否吸食血餐无关。同样，植物对击倒率没有影响，但血餐使年轻蚊子的击倒率增加了14.5%，而使年长蚊子的击倒率降低了21.５%。