Stead Connor A, Thomas Aaron, Nishimura Yusuke, Abbasi Marjan, Barrett Jennifer, Burniston Jatin G
Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2025;1478:113-153. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-88361-3_7.
Skeletal muscle demonstrates remarkable malleability and can alter in metabolic and contractile properties in response to changes in environmental stimuli, in particular contractile work. The muscle proteome defines muscle by dictating its functional characteristics and coordinating its adaptive responses to external stimuli. The dynamic aspects of the proteome have not yet been widely studied and most current proteomic data chart changes to the abundance profile or post-translational state of proteins during the process of adaptation. Nevertheless, the proteome is a dynamic entity. Proteins exist in a constant cycle of renewal, known as protein turnover, which is essential to maintain the quality of the proteome and to facilitate adaptation. Adaptation is only possible because proteins exist in a flux of synthesis and degradation. Furthermore, synthesis and degradation are each highly regulated processes and, in themselves, change in response to stimuli. Isotope tracers are required to study proteome dynamics, and stable isotopes, such as deuterium that impart a mass tag to newly synthesised proteins, are ideally suited to mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses. New proteomic methods are now emerging that simultaneously measure the abundance and synthesis rate of large numbers of individual proteins. This chapter provides an overview of developments in this field.
骨骼肌具有显著的可塑性，能够根据环境刺激的变化，尤其是收缩活动的变化，改变其代谢和收缩特性。肌肉蛋白质组通过决定肌肉的功能特征并协调其对外部刺激的适应性反应来定义肌肉。蛋白质组的动态方面尚未得到广泛研究，目前大多数蛋白质组学数据描绘的是适应过程中蛋白质丰度谱或翻译后状态的变化。然而，蛋白质组是一个动态实体。蛋白质存在于一个持续更新的循环中，即蛋白质周转，这对于维持蛋白质组的质量和促进适应性至关重要。只有因为蛋白质存在于合成和降解的动态变化中，适应才有可能实现。此外，合成和降解都是高度受调控的过程，并且它们自身也会随着刺激而变化。研究蛋白质组动力学需要同位素示踪剂，稳定同位素，如给新合成蛋白质赋予质量标签的氘，非常适合基于质谱的蛋白质组学分析。现在正在出现新的蛋白质组学方法，这些方法能够同时测量大量单个蛋白质的丰度和合成速率。本章概述了该领域的发展情况。
