Kim Minsuk, Diggans C Tyler, Radicchi Filippo
Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Air Force Research Laboratory's Information Directorate, Rome, NY, USA.
Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 29;16(1):8105. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-63489-w.
Percolation theory has been proven useful to study the robustness of supply-and-demand networks (SDNs) such as transportation and communication infrastructures. Here, we show that it can also be leveraged to understand how resources of SDNs are utilized, and eventually depleted. We introduce a model where rational agents consume network's edges along demanded minimum-cost paths. Due to the finiteness of its resources, the network undergoes a transition between a percolating phase where it can properly serve demand to a non-percolating phase where demand can no longer be supplied. By applying the framework to weighted, directed, temporal, and multi-layer network representations of the US air transportation system, we underscore several key benefits for the overall system that could emerge by simply promoting code-share arrangements among airlines without altering their current schedule of operation.
渗流理论已被证明有助于研究运输和通信基础设施等供需网络（SDN）的稳健性。在此，我们表明它还可用于理解SDN的资源如何被利用，最终耗尽。我们引入了一个模型，其中理性主体沿着需求的最低成本路径消耗网络的边。由于其资源的有限性，网络经历从能够适当满足需求的渗流阶段到无法再供应需求的非渗流阶段的转变。通过将该框架应用于美国航空运输系统的加权、有向、时间和多层网络表示，我们强调了航空公司之间简单地促进代码共享安排而不改变其当前运营时间表可能为整个系统带来的几个关键好处。
