Boccaletti S, Bianconi G, Criado R, Del Genio C I, Gómez-Gardeñes J, Romance M, Sendiña-Nadal I, Wang Z, Zanin M
CNR - Institute of Complex Systems, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
The Italian Embassy in Israel, 25 Hamered st., 68125 Tel Aviv, Israel.
Phys Rep. 2014 Nov 1;544(1):1-122. doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2014.07.001. Epub 2014 Jul 10.
In the past years, network theory has successfully characterized the interaction among the constituents of a variety of complex systems, ranging from biological to technological, and social systems. However, up until recently, attention was almost exclusively given to networks in which all components were treated on equivalent footing, while neglecting all the extra information about the temporal- or context-related properties of the interactions under study. Only in the last years, taking advantage of the enhanced resolution in real data sets, network scientists have directed their interest to the multiplex character of real-world systems, and explicitly considered the time-varying and multilayer nature of networks. We offer here a comprehensive review on both structural and dynamical organization of graphs made of diverse relationships (layers) between its constituents, and cover several relevant issues, from a full redefinition of the basic structural measures, to understanding how the multilayer nature of the network affects processes and dynamics.
在过去几年中，网络理论已成功刻画了从生物系统、技术系统到社会系统等各种复杂系统的组成部分之间的相互作用。然而，直到最近，人们几乎只关注所有组件都被同等对待的网络，而忽略了关于所研究相互作用的时间或上下文相关属性的所有额外信息。仅在过去几年，借助真实数据集中更高的分辨率，网络科学家们将兴趣转向了现实世界系统的多重特性，并明确考虑了网络的时变和多层性质。我们在此对由其组成部分之间不同关系（层）构成的图的结构和动态组织进行全面综述，并涵盖几个相关问题，从基本结构度量的全面重新定义，到理解网络的多层性质如何影响过程和动态。
