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作为具有多任务特性的共轭超分子材料构建单元的蛋白质纳米笼

Protein Nanocages as Building Blocks for Conjugated Supramolecular Materials Displaying Multitasking Properties.

作者信息

Santillán-Uribe Hugo César, Soto-Valerio Iris Ashanty, León-Contreras Juan Carlos, Bustos-Jaimes Ismael

机构信息

Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.

Laboratorio de Microscopia Electrónica, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.

出版信息

Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2025 Aug 30. doi: 10.1007/s12010-025-05364-4.

Abstract

Protein nanocages are a group of compartments naturally enclosing nucleic acids or proteins for biological purposes. Such materials have also inspired the design of novel proteins displaying self-assembling properties. The most studied protein nanocages are viral capsids and their derivative virus-like particles (VLPs), which consist of any or all of the structural proteins of the virion but lack nucleic acids and are therefore non-infectious. VLPs can be used as vaccine antigens or decorated with heterologous antigens to develop new vaccine materials. External surfaces of VLPs can also be decorated with chemical substances to impart new properties, like fluorescence tags or binding to cellular receptors. In addition, the internal space of VLPs can be used to encapsulate therapeutic materials that can be carried to specific cells or tissues. Although VLPs are naturally polyvalent and can display more than one decorating element, it is possible to expand the repertoire of decorating species by specifically conjugating different VLPs, which can be decorated with different functional elements. Here, VLPs of parvovirus B19 displaying different functional proteins were linked through the SpyTag-SpyCatcher biorthogonal conjugation technology. Characterizing the resulting species demonstrated the bioconjugation and the presence of the individual properties of each component. This proof-of-concept research implies that novel multitasking biomaterials can be constructed from protein nanocages and that the application landscape is vast and highly expandable.

摘要

蛋白质纳米笼是一类为生物学目的而自然包裹核酸或蛋白质的隔室。这类材料也激发了对具有自组装特性的新型蛋白质的设计。研究最多的蛋白质纳米笼是病毒衣壳及其衍生的病毒样颗粒(VLP),它们由病毒粒子的任何一种或所有结构蛋白组成,但缺乏核酸,因此无传染性。VLP可作为疫苗抗原,或用异源抗原进行修饰以开发新的疫苗材料。VLP的外表面也可用化学物质进行修饰,以赋予新的特性,如荧光标签或与细胞受体结合。此外,VLP的内部空间可用于封装可携带至特定细胞或组织的治疗材料。尽管VLP天然具有多价性,可展示不止一种修饰元件,但通过特异性连接不同的VLP来扩展修饰种类是可能的,不同的VLP可被不同的功能元件修饰。在此,通过SpyTag-SpyCatcher生物正交共轭技术连接了展示不同功能蛋白的细小病毒B19的VLP。对所得产物的表征证明了生物共轭以及各组分个体特性的存在。这一概念验证研究表明,可由蛋白质纳米笼构建新型多任务生物材料,且应用前景广阔且极具扩展性。

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