靶向DDX3X通过破坏抗氧化稳态和诱导铁死亡来抑制KRAS驱动的肺癌进展。
Targeting DDX3X suppresses progression of KRAS-driven lung cancer by disrupting antioxidative homeostasis and inducing ferroptosis.
作者信息
Dian Meijuan, Yun Liang, Meng Qingyu, Lin Songwen, Ji Ming, Zhou Ying, Liu Wenqian, Yang Zhuoying, Zhao Yayan, Li Gaoyuan, Jiang Jianjun, Hao Weichao, Chen Zhijie, Zhou Zehao, Zhang Ruihao, Liu Tianyuan, He Yujing, Yan Tianbao, Wang Haofei, Cronin Shane J F, Penninger Josef M, Cai Kaican, Rao Shuan
机构信息
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
出版信息
Cell Death Dis. 2025 Aug 30;16(1):660. doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07980-8.
Approximately 30% of human cancers carry various RAS mutations, including KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS. Among these mutations, KRAS is the most prevalent isoform detected in lung cancer. While several small molecular inhibitors targeting specifically KRAS have been developed and tested clinically, alternative approaches are still necessary due to expected drug resistance. In this study, we present evidence that the loss of DDX3X significantly delays tumor progression in various KRAS-driven lung cancer models. Inhibition of DDX3X disrupts cysteine and glutathione metabolism, thereby inducing ferroptosis in lung cancer cells. This effect is primarily mediated by the downregulation of Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), the rate-limiting enzyme in cysteine generation. Mechanistically, DDX3X directly binds to the transcription factor JUND, which mediates the transcriptional regulation of METTL16, a key N-methyladenosine methyltransferase, and subsequently regulates mA modification and translation of CBS transcripts. This cascade induces hypermethylation and high expression of CBS, consequently triggering cysteine production and maintaining antioxidative homeostasis, which is essential for the survival of KRAS-driven lung cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrate that a newly developed DDX3X PROTAC degrader J10 efficiently delays lung cancer progression with multiple advantages compared to DDX3X small molecular inhibitor RK-33 and limited side effects. These findings unveil the potential of DDX3X as a valuable target for adjuvant therapies in managing KRAS-driven lung cancer.
大约30%的人类癌症携带各种RAS突变,包括KRAS、NRAS和HRAS。在这些突变中,KRAS是在肺癌中检测到的最普遍的异构体。虽然已经开发了几种特异性靶向KRAS的小分子抑制剂并进行了临床测试,但由于预期的耐药性,仍需要其他方法。在本研究中,我们提供证据表明,DDX3X的缺失在各种KRAS驱动的肺癌模型中显著延迟肿瘤进展。抑制DDX3X会破坏半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽代谢,从而在肺癌细胞中诱导铁死亡。这种效应主要由半胱氨酸生成的限速酶胱硫醚-β-合酶(CBS)的下调介导。从机制上讲,DDX3X直接与转录因子JUND结合,JUND介导关键的N-甲基腺苷甲基转移酶METTL16的转录调控,随后调节CBS转录本的mA修饰和翻译。这种级联反应诱导CBS的高甲基化和高表达,从而触发半胱氨酸的产生并维持抗氧化稳态,这对KRAS驱动的肺癌细胞的存活至关重要。最后,我们证明,一种新开发的DDX3X PROTAC降解剂J10与DDX3X小分子抑制剂RK-33相比,具有多种优势,能有效延迟肺癌进展,且副作用有限。这些发现揭示了DDX3X作为KRAS驱动的肺癌辅助治疗的有价值靶点的潜力。
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