Furuta Yoshikazu, Kakita Manami, Tanaka Hidenori
Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan.
BMC Genomics. 2025 Aug 30;26(1):787. doi: 10.1186/s12864-025-12010-0.
BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial DNA sequences are used for inter- and intra-specific comparison analysis in ecological studies. Instead of using short regions as marker sequences, analyzing longer regions, such as whole mitochondrial DNA sequences, can improve the accuracy of such studies by increasing the likelihood of detecting species or specific sequences. However, current methods for sequencing whole mitochondrial DNA require primer design for each target species or long fragments of genomic DNA as a PCR template. We developed a method and accompanying tool for PCR-based long-read sequencing of whole mitochondrial DNA, named MitoCOMON, which is applicable to wide-target taxonomic clades and partially digested template DNA. RESULTS: PCR amplification of whole mitochondrial DNA as four fragments facilitates the successful assembly of the whole mitochondrial DNA sequence, even when a sample is a mixture of multiple species or partially degraded. The tool that we developed consists of two modules that can design a primer set for species in a target taxonomic clade and assemble the whole mitochondrial DNA sequence from amplicons which were amplified using the designed primer set. Primer sets were designed for mammal and bird species, which showed a high success rate for whole mitochondrial DNA sequencing with high sequence accuracy. Multiple whole mitochondrial DNA sequences were also assembled from samples mixed with the genomic DNA of several species without forming chimeric sequences. In addition to the accuracy, some assembled sequences also retained a long duplication at the D-loop region, suggesting that the method addresses large rearrangements. Compared with a method that amplifies the whole mitochondrial DNA as a single amplicon, our method was effective for partially degraded samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our method and accompanying tool, named MitoCOMON, enables an easier acquisition of whole mitochondrial DNA sequences from samples with some DNA degradation without designing species-specific primers. This approach can enhance the accessibility of mitochondrial genomic data and is expected to improve the resolution of ecological analyses, including accurate species identification and individual-level discrimination.
背景:线粒体DNA序列用于生态学研究中的种间和种内比较分析。与使用短区域作为标记序列不同,分析更长的区域,如整个线粒体DNA序列,可以通过增加检测物种或特定序列的可能性来提高此类研究的准确性。然而,目前用于对整个线粒体DNA进行测序的方法需要针对每个目标物种设计引物,或以基因组DNA的长片段作为PCR模板。我们开发了一种基于PCR的对整个线粒体DNA进行长读长测序的方法及配套工具,名为MitoCOMON,它适用于广泛的分类类群和部分消化的模板DNA。 结果:将整个线粒体DNA扩增为四个片段进行PCR扩增,即使样品是多种物种的混合物或部分降解,也有助于成功组装整个线粒体DNA序列。我们开发的工具由两个模块组成,这两个模块可以为目标分类类群中的物种设计引物集,并从使用设计的引物集扩增的扩增子中组装整个线粒体DNA序列。为哺乳动物和鸟类物种设计了引物集,这些引物集在全线粒体DNA测序中显示出高成功率和高序列准确性。还从与几种物种的基因组DNA混合的样品中组装了多个完整的线粒体DNA序列,且未形成嵌合序列。除了准确性外,一些组装序列在D环区域还保留了长重复序列,这表明该方法可以处理大的重排。与将整个线粒体DNA作为单个扩增子进行扩增的方法相比,我们的方法对部分降解的样品有效。 结论:我们的方法及配套工具MitoCOMON能够更轻松地从有一定DNA降解的样品中获取完整的线粒体DNA序列,而无需设计物种特异性引物。这种方法可以提高线粒体基因组数据的可及性,并有望提高生态分析的分辨率,包括准确的物种鉴定和个体水平的区分。
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