Cheema Rabia Areej, Rehman Hafiz Mamoon, Nawaz Sehar, Ahmad Shakeel, Lam Hon-Ming
Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.
Plant Cell Environ. 2025 Dec;48(12):8586-8603. doi: 10.1111/pce.70128. Epub 2025 Sep 1.
Plants, including halophytes (salt-tolerant) and glycophytes (salt-sensitive), have developed diverse molecular mechanisms and morphological adaptations to survive in saline environments. The cellular components and molecular processes for salinity sensing and stress tolerance have been extensively identified in glycophytes, but not so with halophytes. Salinity sensing requires the perception of a major soil salinity contributor, that is, sodium ions (Na). The exact molecular mechanism or pathway for Na perception is still unclear. The investigations into potential Na sensor candidates uncovered glycosyl inositol phosphoryl ceramide (GIPC) phospholipids with direct evidence. In cells, Na ions are also sensed by various Non-selective cation channels (NSCCs), including the cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) and glutamate receptors (GLRs), and other receptor-like kinases (RLKs). This review surveyed the roles of GIPCs, CNGCs, GLRs, RLKs, including the Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like kinases, leucine-rich repeat extensins, lectin RLKs, and wall-associated kinases, as potential Na sensors in glycophytes and halophytes. Based on current information on these receptors, we proposed new models of Na sensing mechanisms in both plant types. The comparison of possible Na sensing mechanisms between glycophytes and halophytes might provide future research avenues for improving salt tolerance in crops.
植物，包括盐生植物（耐盐）和甜土植物（盐敏感），已经发展出多种分子机制和形态适应性以在盐环境中生存。甜土植物中已经广泛鉴定出了盐分感知和胁迫耐受的细胞成分及分子过程，但盐生植物并非如此。盐分感知需要感知主要的土壤盐分贡献者，即钠离子（Na）。Na感知的确切分子机制或途径仍不清楚。对潜在Na传感器候选物的研究发现了具有直接证据的糖基肌醇磷酸神经酰胺（GIPC）磷脂。在细胞中，Na离子也可被各种非选择性阳离子通道（NSCC）感知，包括环核苷酸门控通道（CNGC）和谷氨酸受体（GLR），以及其他类受体激酶（RLK）。本文综述了GIPC、CNGC、GLR、RLK的作用，包括长春花RLK1样激酶、富含亮氨酸重复序列伸展蛋白、凝集素RLK和壁相关激酶，作为甜土植物和盐生植物中潜在的Na传感器。基于目前关于这些受体的信息，我们提出了两种植物类型中Na感知机制的新模型。甜土植物和盐生植物之间可能的Na感知机制的比较可能为提高作物耐盐性提供未来的研究途径。
