Kai Jia-Yan, Dong Xing-Xuan, Li Dan-Lin, Hu Dan-Ning, Lanca Carla, Grzybowski Andrzej, Ke Chaofu, Pan Chen-Wei
School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Sep 2;66(12):3. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.12.3.
To investigate the association between plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of POAG.
We conducted prospective cohort analyses among 254,157 participants of European descent in the UK Biobank cohort. Mendelian randomization analyses were further performed to assess the causal relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and POAG using publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics.
Over 13.84 years of follow-up, 1,166 patients (0.46%) developed POAG. After adjustment for covariates including POAG polygenetic risk scores, a 1-unit (mmol/L) increment in plasma levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly associated with a decreased risk of incident POAG (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.88; P = 0.008). The association of plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels with the risk of POAG was borderline significant (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-1.01; P = 0.05). Moreover, the associations were more prominent among individuals with high glaucoma genetic risks, although no significant interaction was detected between omega-3/DHA levels and glaucoma polygenic risk scores (all P > 0.05). For Mendelian randomization analyses, the results of random-effect inverse-variance weighted models and two other sensitivity analyses indicated that genetically predicted plasma levels of omega-3 and DHA were significantly inversely associated with the risk of POAG (all P < 0.05).
Our findings suggested a protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids on POAG, underscoring their potential value in POAG prevention strategies.
探讨血浆ω-3脂肪酸水平与原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）风险之间的关联。
我们在英国生物银行队列中对254,157名欧洲血统参与者进行了前瞻性队列分析。利用公开可用的全基因组关联研究汇总统计数据，进一步进行孟德尔随机化分析，以评估ω-3脂肪酸与POAG之间的因果关系。
在13.84年的随访期间，1166名患者（0.46%）发生了POAG。在调整包括POAG多基因风险评分在内的协变量后，血浆ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸水平每增加1个单位（mmol/L），与POAG发病风险显著降低相关（风险比，0.61；95%置信区间，0.43 - 0.88；P = 0.008）。血浆二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）水平与POAG风险的关联接近显著（风险比，0.42；95%置信区间，0.17 - 1.01；P = 0.05）。此外，在青光眼遗传风险高的个体中，这种关联更为显著，尽管未检测到ω-3/DHA水平与青光眼多基因风险评分之间存在显著相互作用（所有P > 0.05）。对于孟德尔随机化分析，随机效应逆方差加权模型和其他两项敏感性分析的结果表明，基因预测的血浆ω-3和DHA水平与POAG风险显著负相关（所有P < 0.05）。
我们的研究结果表明ω-3脂肪酸对POAG具有保护作用，强调了它们在POAG预防策略中的潜在价值。
