Influence of respiratory disease experiences on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: a study from Southeastern Louisiana.

INTRODUCTION

Respiratory diseases, including influenza (flu) and respiratory syncytial virus, continue to be major health concerns globally. The onset of COVID-19 further compounded these issues, making it important to examine public attitudes toward vaccination and understanding of respiratory diseases. This study explores factors influencing decisions to receive the latest COVID-19 vaccine, focusing specifically on the role of prior respiratory illness diagnosis.

METHODS

A follow-up survey among 299 participants from Southeastern Louisiana across 10 healthcare facilities was administered via phone and the Qualtrics platform, gathering information about the likelihood of receiving the latest COVID-19 vaccine. Quantitative data were analyzed using log-binomial and Poisson regression models to assess relationships between respiratory illness history and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

RESULTS

Nearly half (47%) of the participants reported a history of respiratory illness. Individuals with prior respiratory diagnosis were more likely to accept the latest COVID-19 vaccine (62%) than those without (41%) (RR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.26-2.56). In fully adjusted models, accounting for age, prior vaccine hesitancy, and comorbidities, influenza vaccine acceptance (RR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.06-3.28) was associated with greater likelihood of receiving the latest COVID-19 vaccine. Key barriers to vaccination, including concerns about side effects and distrust in vaccine efficacy were identified.

DISCUSSION

Participants with respiratory illnesses and those with positive vaccination histories, particularly regarding influenza, showed a higher likelihood of accepting the latest COVID-19 vaccines. However, significant obstacles to vaccine uptake persist. Tailored public health efforts that address these concerns are crucial to improving vaccine rates, particularly among hesitant groups.