Neto Brenno A D, de Souza Roberto Y, Dupont Jairton
Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Distrito Federal, Brasília 70904-900, Brazil.
Molecular Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás 75001-970, Brazil.
ACS Omega. 2025 Jul 24;10(33):36824-36865. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c03990. eCollection 2025 Aug 26.
This review examines the role of ionic liquids (ILs) in the catalytic carbonation of epoxides for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates, focusing on the key factors that influence reaction efficiency. The nucleophilicity and basicity of the anions in IL catalysts are highlighted as critical components for promoting the cycloaddition reaction with CO. The solubility and ionicity of the ILs also significantly affect the reaction, with higher ionicity leading to better solubilization and catalytic performance. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of the water content in influencing solvation and the generation of nucleophilic species, particularly in hydrophilic IL environments. Mechanistic studies, supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, provide insight into the reaction pathways, although more detailed kinetic data are required. The induction period observed in some reactions suggests the formation of ionic nucleophilic species, but it is still premature to draw definitive conclusions regarding the effects of various reaction parameters. The review calls for further exploration of the kinetic data and competitive experiments to fully understand the role of ILs in epoxide carbonation.
本综述考察了离子液体（ILs）在环氧化物催化碳酸化合成环状碳酸酯中的作用，重点关注影响反应效率的关键因素。IL催化剂中阴离子的亲核性和碱性被强调为促进与CO环加成反应的关键成分。ILs的溶解性和离子性也对反应有显著影响，离子性越高，溶解能力和催化性能越好。此外，综述强调了水含量在影响溶剂化和亲核物种生成方面的重要性，特别是在亲水性IL环境中。尽管需要更详细的动力学数据，但由密度泛函理论（DFT）计算支持的机理研究为反应途径提供了见解。在一些反应中观察到的诱导期表明形成了离子亲核物种，但就各种反应参数的影响得出明确结论仍为时过早。该综述呼吁进一步探索动力学数据和竞争性实验，以全面了解ILs在环氧化物碳酸化中的作用。
