WoundMx: Multiplexed Detection of Wound Infection Biomarkers with a Multimodal Sensor System based on Laser-Induced Graphene.

Real-time, multiplexed monitoring of wound infection biomarkers is essential for early detection of infection and inflammation, as well as for evaluating wound healing progression. However, existing biosensing technologies lack the sensitivity, specificity, and integration needed to meet these clinical demands. To address current limitations in wound monitoring, we developed a portable and multimodal sensor system capable of simultaneously detecting uric acid (UA), phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pH. The device integrates laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes with differential pulse voltammetry for UA and PCA sensing, open-circuit potential sensing using polyaniline-modified LIG for pH, and an extended-gate field-effect transistor-based component for IL-6 detection. We validated the performance of the sensors in phosphate-buffered saline and a wound simulating medium, demonstrating accurate, multiplexed detection across clinically relevant ranges. Furthermore, experiments with an agar-based wound model highlighted the system's promise for future application in wound monitoring. A custom-designed wireless analyzer was integrated to enable real-time, multiplexed data acquisition at the point-of-care. This minimally invasive platform offers a comprehensive solution for continuous wound assessment, with potential applications in infection detection, inflammatory disease monitoring, and next-generation smart wound dressings.