Ouyang Yuyuan, Chen Guangyi, Yang Chuntao, Zhu Conghua, Zhang Li, Li Wei, Yang Hong, Li Ziyu, Zhang Yao, Yu Junqi, Luo Xi, Li Xuyi, Li Tian
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Aug 15;16:1650539. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1650539. eCollection 2025.
The "forage-grain dual-purpose" model helps ease land-use competition and supports high-yield, high-quality rice production. However, integrated strategies to simultaneously improve silage rice and ratoon rice yield and quality across both seasons require further systematic study. A two-year field study (2022-2023) was conducted using two widely cultivated indica hybrid rice cultivars, F You 498 (FY498) and Chuankangyou Simiao (CKYSM), in Southwest China. Treatments included three planting densities (D1: 16.7 × 10; D2: 20.8 × 10; D3: 27.8 × 10 hills ha) and three nitrogen levels (N1: 150; N2: 225; N3: 300 kg ha) in the first season. Results showed that: Silage yield increased significantly with higher density and nitrogen input. FY498 reached the highest yield under D3N3 (48.46-57.60 t ha), while CKYSM performed best under D2N3 (45.39-50.93 t ha). Elevated density and nitrogen levels increased acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents and reduced starch, indicating a decline in overall silage quality, though crude protein improved. Within the studied parameters, nitrogen application had a more pronounced influence on silage quality compared to planting density. Relative feed value was highest under D1N1 or D1N2, meeting national Grade II silage standards. In the ratoon season, increased density and nitrogen enhanced aboveground biomass, SPAD values, panicle number, and actual yield. However, higher density reduced leaf area index, and excess nitrogen decreased seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. Maximum actual yields were observed under D2N3 or D3N2: FY498 (7.71-9.61 t ha) and CKYSM (6.49-9.00 t ha). Nitrogen application improved milling quality to some extent, while higher density negatively affected it. Both factors reduced appearance quality and RVA characteristics. Nutritional and safety quality varied significantly across treatments and cultivars. FY498 had high protein and low cadmium content under D1N3; CKYSM showed high starch and low cadmium under D2N3, indicating superior overall performance. In summary, D1N1 produced better silage and rice quality but lower yield. For higher overall productivity and safety, FY498 with D3N3 and CKYSM with D2N3 were optimal, despite moderate declines in quality traits. This new cultivation method may provide a beneficial option to balance silage rice and ratoon rice yield and quality.
“粮草两用”模式有助于缓解土地利用竞争，并支持高产、优质水稻生产。然而，同时提高两季青贮稻和再生稻产量及品质的综合策略仍需进一步系统研究。2022年至2023年在中国西南部进行了为期两年的田间试验，选用了两个广泛种植的籼型杂交水稻品种，丰优498（FY498）和川康优丝苗（CKYSM）。第一季的处理包括三种种植密度（D1：16.7×10；D2：20.8×10；D3：27.8×10蔸/公顷）和三个施氮水平（N1：150；N2：225；N3：300千克/公顷）。结果表明：青贮产量随着密度和氮投入的增加而显著提高。FY498在D3N3处理下产量最高（48.46 - 57.60吨/公顷），而CKYSM在D2N3处理下表现最佳（45.39 - 50.93吨/公顷）。密度和氮水平的提高增加了酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量，降低了淀粉含量，表明青贮总体质量下降，不过粗蛋白有所改善。在所研究的参数范围内，与种植密度相比，施氮对青贮质量的影响更为显著。相对饲用价值在D1N1或D1N2处理下最高，符合国家二级青贮标准。在再生季，密度和氮的增加提高了地上生物量、SPAD值、穗数和实际产量。然而，较高的密度降低了叶面积指数，过量的氮降低了结实率和千粒重。在D2N3或D3N2处理下观察到最大实际产量：FY498（7.71 - 9.61吨/公顷）和CKYSM（6.49 - 9.00吨/公顷）。施氮在一定程度上提高了碾米品质，而较高的密度则对其产生负面影响。这两个因素都降低了外观品质和RVA特性。营养和安全品质在不同处理和品种间差异显著。FY498在D1N3处理下蛋白质含量高且镉含量低；CKYSM在D2N3处理下淀粉含量高且镉含量低，表明总体表现优异。综上所述，D1N1处理生产的青贮和水稻品质较好，但产量较低。为了获得更高的总体生产力和安全性，尽管品质性状略有下降，但FY498搭配D3N3和CKYSM搭配D2N3是最优选择。这种新的栽培方法可能为平衡青贮稻和再生稻的产量与品质提供有益选择。
