Albert Okumu, Lazarus Odeny, Benjamin Ochieng John, Ben Odhiambo, Ruth Sitati, Joan Tonui, Jeremiah Ogoro, Steve Wandiga, Ouma Collins
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya.
Maseno University, School of Public and Community Development, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Kisumu, Kenya.
J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2025 Aug 19;41:100559. doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100559. eCollection 2025 Dec.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) species are emerging pathogens causing Pulmonary diseases with no definitive treatment. Molecular techniques enable characterization and drug resistance profiling, this study sought to determine NTM prevalence, circulating species, and distribution factors among presumptive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in western Kenya.
Sputum samples were collected between March through October 2022, and transported for testing at Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) TB laboratory, in Kisumu. The standard NALC-NaOH MGIT culture technique, smear, HAIN AS/CM and NTM drug resistance were carried out.
Of the 155 specimens analyzed, 106 (68.4 %) were males, 41 (26.5 %) HIV positive, and participants of ages 36-45 years, the majority. An overall NTM prevalence of 99 (63.9 %), of whom 63 (63 %) among males reported. In addition, 11 NTM species identified, with (44, 44 %).
High prevalence of NTM species was observed among middle-aged males and HIV negative participants, Kisumu led in distribution (29 %) and among HIV positive. The NTM prevalence among smear negative vs smear positive, was significant a p < 0.001, hence adequate TB/HIV integration and management, use of molecular techniques, and accurate identification is critical.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）是新兴的病原体，可导致肺部疾病，且尚无明确的治疗方法。分子技术能够进行特征鉴定和耐药性分析，本研究旨在确定肯尼亚西部疑似耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）患者中NTM的流行情况、流行菌株及其分布因素。
于2022年3月至10月期间采集痰液样本，并送往位于基苏木的肯尼亚医学研究所（KEMRI）结核病实验室进行检测。采用标准的NALC-NaOH MGIT培养技术、涂片检查、HAIN AS/CM检测及NTM耐药性检测。
在分析的155份样本中，男性有106份（68.4%），41份（26.5%）为HIV阳性，参与者年龄大多在36 - 45岁之间。NTM总体流行率为99份（63.9%），其中男性报告有63份（63%）。此外，鉴定出11种NTM菌株，其中[此处原文缺失具体内容]（44份，44%）。
在中年男性和HIV阴性参与者中观察到NTM菌株的高流行率，基苏木在分布方面占主导（29%）且在HIV阳性者中也是如此。涂片阴性与涂片阳性患者中的NTM流行率差异显著，p < 0.001，因此充分整合和管理结核病/HIV、使用分子技术以及准确鉴定至关重要。
