Alcón Isaac, Cummings Aron W, Ribas Esteve, Roche Stephan, Mugarza Aitor
Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC), Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona C/ de Martí i Franquès, 1-11, Les Corts 08028 Barcelona Spain
Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
Nanoscale Adv. 2025 Aug 26. doi: 10.1039/d5na00532a.
Bottom-up on-surface synthesis has demonstrated an impressive capability to realize desired carbon nanomaterials with atomic precision, also referred to as carbon nanoarchitectures. By using chemically tailored organic building blocks, it is possible to obtain virtually any carbon nanoarchitecture, with equally tunable electronic and magnetic properties. Among all known carbon nanoarchitectures, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have become the most extensively studied for nanoelectronics, due to their conductive π-conjugated structure and semiconducting nature. In this review, we summarize the progress made on a particular type of nanoporous graphenes (NPGs), conceived as 2D arrays of laterally bonded GNRs. Due to their relative novelty, these GNR-based NPGs have not yet acquired the same global attention as their predecessors (GNRs). However, recent progress suggests that these nanomaterials may play a central role in future carbon nanoelectronics and spintronics. This is due in large part to the ability to fine tune, both by chemical design and by external means, the electronic coupling between neighbouring GNRs within the NPG, thereby enabling precise control over the anisotropic properties of these materials, as demonstrated by various theoretical studies. In this review, we summarize the different approaches that have been proposed to tune such inter-ribbon coupling and, thus, the anisotropy. Overall, these studies underscore the unique platform that GNR-based NPGs provide for tailoring quantum electronic properties and two-dimensional anisotropy. As the field progresses, this capability could be harnessed for targeted applications at the molecular scale or even the atomic scale.
自下而上的表面合成已展现出以原子精度实现所需碳纳米材料（也称为碳纳米结构）的强大能力。通过使用化学定制的有机构建块，几乎可以获得任何具有同样可调节电子和磁性特性的碳纳米结构。在所有已知的碳纳米结构中，石墨烯纳米带（GNRs）因其导电的π共轭结构和半导体性质，已成为纳米电子学领域研究最为广泛的材料。在本综述中，我们总结了一种特殊类型的纳米多孔石墨烯（NPGs）的研究进展，这种材料被设想为横向键合的GNRs的二维阵列。由于其相对新颖性，这些基于GNR的NPGs尚未像它们的前身（GNRs）那样受到全球同等程度的关注。然而，最近的进展表明，这些纳米材料可能在未来的碳纳米电子学和自旋电子学中发挥核心作用。这在很大程度上归因于通过化学设计和外部手段对NPG内相邻GNRs之间的电子耦合进行微调的能力，从而能够精确控制这些材料的各向异性特性，各种理论研究已证明了这一点。在本综述中，我们总结了为调节这种带间耦合以及各向异性而提出的不同方法。总体而言，这些研究强调了基于GNRs的NPGs为定制量子电子特性和二维各向异性提供的独特平台。随着该领域的发展，这种能力可用于分子尺度甚至原子尺度的靶向应用。
