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两种十足目甲壳动物, 和 ,利用消色差视觉线索稳定它们的视线,但不利用线性偏振光的角度。

Two Decapod Crustaceans, and , Stabilize Their Gaze Using Achromatic Visual Cues, but Not the Angle of Linearly Polarized Light.

作者信息

Janakis M, Guirges S, Grant A C, Paris I, LoPresti E F, Speiser D I

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.

出版信息

Integr Org Biol. 2025 Aug 18;7(1):obaf034. doi: 10.1093/iob/obaf034. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Gaze stabilization is important to animals because it allows them to visually differentiate between their own motion relative to their environment and the motion of objects within their environment. Animals can struggle to stabilize their gaze in environments that have a high amount of visual noise. In shallow aquatic environments, such as tidal creeks, the motion of the water's surface can create dynamic spatiotemporal fluctuations in illumination referred to as "caustic flicker." This type of visual noise can create false-motion cues. To overcome this obstacle, shallow-dwelling aquatic animals may use color or polarized cues to stabilize their gaze rather than achromatic cues. Tidal creeks are often spectrally narrow due to light absorption by suspended particles such as algae, making color vision unreliable. Instead of using achromatic or chromatic cues, we hypothesize that crabs in tidal creeks stabilize their gaze using cues that vary in their angle of linear polarization (AoLP). To ask whether crabs from tidal creeks may use AoLP cues in gaze stabilization, we investigated polarization sensitivity in the Atlantic mud crab, , and the green porcelain crab, . Using optomotor behavioral assays, we found that both porcelain and mud crabs use achromatic cues for gaze stabilization, but neither use AoLP cues across a range of light conditions that varied in spectral width, spectral peak, and total irradiance. Our findings are further evidence that although animals may theoretically benefit from using AoLP cues for gaze stabilization in visually noisy aquatic habitats, decapod crustaceans from tidal creeks seem to rely on achromatic cues for this task.

摘要

注视稳定对动物很重要,因为这能让它们在视觉上区分自身相对于环境的运动以及环境中物体的运动。在视觉噪声很高的环境中,动物很难稳定自己的注视。在浅水环境中,比如潮汐小溪,水面的运动会产生被称为“焦散闪烁”的动态时空光照波动。这种视觉噪声会产生虚假运动线索。为了克服这一障碍,生活在浅水区的水生动物可能会利用颜色或偏振线索来稳定它们的注视,而不是无色线索。由于藻类等悬浮颗粒对光的吸收,潮汐小溪的光谱通常很窄,这使得颜色视觉不可靠。我们推测,潮汐小溪中的螃蟹不是利用无色或彩色线索,而是利用线性偏振角(AoLP)变化的线索来稳定它们的注视。为了探究潮汐小溪中的螃蟹是否可能在注视稳定中使用AoLP线索,我们研究了大西洋泥蟹和绿瓷蟹的偏振敏感性。通过视动行为测定,我们发现瓷蟹和泥蟹都利用无色线索来稳定注视,但在一系列光谱宽度、光谱峰值和总辐照度不同的光照条件下,它们都不使用AoLP线索。我们的研究结果进一步证明,尽管从理论上讲,动物在视觉噪声大的水生栖息地中利用AoLP线索进行注视稳定可能会受益,但潮汐小溪中的十足目甲壳类动物在这项任务中似乎依赖于无色线索。

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