Xie Kai, Zhang Bing
Physical Education Institute, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, SC, China.
Institute of Physical Education, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou, HUB, China.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2025 Sep 1:1-9. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2025-0168.
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a 6-week program involving various forms of running-based interval interventions on the physiological and performance adaptations of male soccer players during preseason.
A total of 40 young trained collegiate soccer players (21 [1.3] y) were randomly assigned to 4 groups: traditional sprint interval training (SIT, 20-s trials), small-sided games, repeated-sprint training (RST, 5-s trials), and an active control group, each of 10 members. Physiological variables, including maximum oxygen uptake, first and second ventilatory thresholds, and peak and average power output, were assessed before and after the 6-week intervention. In addition, performance outcomes including countermovement vertical jump, 20-m sprint, L-run change-of-direction speed, and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) were also measured.
The SIT, small-sided games, and RST groups demonstrated significant (P < .05) improvements in the countermovement vertical jump (effect size [ES] = 0.89, 0.98, 1.01), 20-m sprint (ES = -0.86, -0.53, -1.22), L-run change-of-direction speed (ES = -1.65, -1.79, -2.55), Yo-Yo IR1 (ES = 1.79, 1.09, 2.15), maximum oxygen uptake (ES = 1.22, 0.49, 1.29), first ventilatory threshold (ES = 1.38, 0.63, 1.44), second ventilatory threshold (ES = 0.96, 0.56, 0.97), peak power output (ES = 0.94, 0.89, 1.21), and average power output (ES = 1.05, 0.89, 0.91) after the training intervention. When comparing the magnitude of changes (ie, %change) among the training groups, the SIT and RST groups showed more enhancements compared with the small-sided games in the Yo-Yo IR1 (15.9% and 20.8% vs 11.1%, P = .005, .001), maximum oxygen uptake (5.9% and 6.4% vs 3.5%, P = .001), first ventilatory threshold (6.3% and 6.9% vs 4.2%, P = .001), and second ventilatory threshold (4.3% and 4.4% vs 3.1%, P = .007, .042). In addition, the RST group demonstrated more training gains compared with the SIT in the 20-m sprint (-7.2% vs -4.2%, P = .001), Yo-Yo IR1 (20.8% vs 15.9%, P = .005), and peak power output (10.2% vs 8.0%, P = .008) after the training intervention.
All training interventions led to improvements in physiological and performance adaptations among young soccer players. The RST group achieved the greatest gains compared with the other protocols. These findings highlight RST as a particularly effective strategy for enhancing soccer player performance.
本研究的目的是调查一项为期6周、包含各种形式的跑步间歇训练的计划对男子足球运动员季前赛期间生理和运动能力适应的影响。
总共40名年轻的受过训练的大学足球运动员（21[1.3]岁）被随机分为4组：传统短跑间歇训练（SIT，20秒测试）、小型比赛、重复冲刺训练（RST，5秒测试）和一个积极对照组，每组10名成员。在为期6周的干预前后评估生理变量，包括最大摄氧量、第一和第二通气阈值以及峰值和平均功率输出。此外，还测量了运动能力指标，包括反向纵跳、20米短跑、L形跑变向速度和Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试1（Yo-Yo IR1）。
训练干预后，SIT组、小型比赛组和RST组在反向纵跳（效应量[ES]=0.89、0.98、1.01）、20米短跑（ES=-0.86、-0.53、-1.22）、L形跑变向速度（ES=-1.65、-1.79、-2.55）、Yo-Yo IR1（ES=1.79、1.09、2.15）、最大摄氧量（ES=1.22、0.49、1.29）、第一通气阈值（ES=1.38、0.63、1.44）、第二通气阈值（ES=0.96（此处原文有误，应为0.97）、0.56、0.97）、峰值功率输出（ES=0.94、0.89、1.21）和平均功率输出（ES=1.05、0.89、0.91）方面均有显著（P<.05）改善。在比较各训练组之间的变化幅度（即变化百分比）时，SIT组和RST组在Yo-Yo IR1（15.9%和20.8%对11.1%，P=.005，.001）、最大摄氧量（5.9%和6.4%对3.5%，P=.001）、第一通气阈值（6.3%和6.9%对4.2%，P=.001）和第二通气阈值（4.3%和4.4%对3.1%，P=.007，.042）方面比小型比赛组有更多提高。此外，训练干预后，RST组在20米短跑（-7.2%对-4.2%，P=.001）、Yo-Yo IR（20.8%对15.9%，P=.005）和峰值功率输出（10.2%对8.0%，P=.008）方面比SIT组有更多训练收益。
所有训练干预都使年轻足球运动员的生理和运动能力适应得到改善。与其他方案相比，RST组取得了最大的收益。这些发现突出了RST作为提高足球运动员运动能力的一种特别有效的策略。
